Effects of landscape features on gene flow among urban frog populations
Effects of landscape features on gene flow among urban frog populations
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景观特征对城市青蛙种群基因流动的影响
DOI：
10.1111/1440-1703.12011
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
Kusano Tamotsu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Okamiya Hisanori;Kusano Tamotsu
生境的人为破碎化改变了世界各地许多物种的分布和种群规模。为了预测种群的命运并建立确保其生存能力的管理做法，我们需要了解碎片化的人口和遗传后果。在这项研究中，我们分析了是否在一个破碎化的景观残留栖息地补丁的空间配置塑造了遗传多样性和差异的模式，在当地人口的山地褐蛙（Rana ornativentris）在日本东京。该物种栖息在次生林中，由于其栖息地的选择性和低扩散能力，特别受到破碎化的影响。我们测定了6个微卫星位点的等位基因频率，估计了33个地方群体的遗传多样性和它们之间的遗传距离。生境适宜性地图的基础上开发的两个模型，一个只有气候和地形作为预测变量（HSn），第二个纳入城市化的潜在障碍效应作为一个额外的变量（HSu）。生态距离的计算使用电路理论适用于生境适宜性地图。我们发现，种群内遗传多样性随着HSu栖息地适宜性的降低而降低。此外，成对群体遗传距离与抗性的相关性最高（即，生态）的距离时，HSu地图使用。我们的研究结果证实了城市化土地是基因流动的障碍，栖息地破碎化限制了种群间的扩散，从而降低了当地种群的遗传多样性。我们的研究结果还表明，景观遗传学是一个有用的方法来确定影响扩散的关键因素。
The anthropogenic fragmentation of habitats has altered the distribution and size of populations of many species worldwide. To predict fate of populations and establish management practices that ensure their viability, we need to understand the demographic and genetic consequences of fragmentation. In this study, we analyzed whether the spatial configuration of remnant habitat patches within a fragmented landscape has shaped the patterns of genetic diversity and differences in local populations of the Montane brown frog (Rana ornativentris) in Tokyo, Japan. The species inhabits secondary forests and is particularly affected by fragmentation due to its habitat selectivity and low dispersal capability. We determined allele frequencies of six microsatellites to estimate genetic diversity of 33 local populations and pairwise genetic distances among them. Habitat suitability maps were developed based on two models, one with only climatic and topography as predictor variables (HSn), the second incorporating the potential barrier effect of urbanization as an additional variable (HSu). Ecological distances were calculated using the circuit theory applied to the habitat suitability maps. We found that within‐population genetic diversity decreases as the HSu habitat suitability decreases. Moreover, pairwise population genetic distance showed the highest correlations with resistance (i.e., ecological) distances when the HSu map was used. Our results confirmed the expectation that urbanized lands are barriers to gene flow, and that habitat fragmentation restricts inter‐population dispersal, thus reducing the genetic diversity of local populations. Our results also demonstrate that landscape genetics is a useful approach for identifying key factors affecting dispersal.