Reorganization of finger covariation patterns represented in the corticospinal system by learning of a novel movement irrelevant to common daily movements
Reorganization of finger covariation patterns represented in the corticospinal system by learning of a novel movement irrelevant to common daily movements
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00514.2019
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发表时间：
2019-12-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Funase, Kozo
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hirano, Masato;Funase, Kozo
神经系统如何获得灵巧的手指运动是神经科学领域的一个基本问题。以往的研究表明，手指运动可以分解成手指协变模式，这些模式是在皮质脊髓系统的代表。然而，目前还不清楚如何在皮质脊髓系统的发展过程中收购新的手指运动的这种协变模式。在这项研究中，每个受试者都学会了执行一个新的手指运动，该运动被映射到日常生活中常见的手指运动所跨越的运动子空间之外的区域。在受试者练习任务后，我们检测到来自人工（经颅磁刺激）诱发的手指关节运动的手指协变模式的变化。训练期后观察到的人工诱发运动衍生模式与新的和常见的手指运动都相关。关于从人工诱发运动中提取的模式，解释数据中大部分方差所需的数量在训练期后没有变化。我们的研究结果表明，新的手指运动获得通过重组的预先存在的手指共变模式中所代表的皮质脊髓系统，而不是新的模式的发展。这些发现可能对神经系统中负责运动库发展的基本机制有影响。新&值得注意的是，各种类型的手指运动涉及共同的手指协变模式，这些模式在皮质脊髓系统中表现出来。在这里，我们研究了一个新的手指协变模式是如何获得在该系统中通过训练一个新的手指运动，是不相关的共同手指运动。使用经颅磁刺激，我们发现有助于更好地控制手指运动的预先存在的模式被迅速重组，以通过训练编码新的模式。
How dexterous finger movements are acquired by the nervous system is a fundamental question in the neuroscience field. Previous studies have demonstrated that finger movements can be decomposed into finger covariation patterns, and these patterns are represented in the corticospinal system. However, it remains unclear how such covariation patterns represented in the corticospinal system develop during the acquisition of novel finger movements. In this study, each subject learned to perform a novel finger movement, which was mapped to a region outside the movement subspace spanned by common finger movements seen in daily life, through a custom task. After subjects practiced the task, we detected changes in the finger covariation patterns derived from artificially (transcranial magnetic stimulation) evoked finger joint movements. The artificially evoked movement-derived patterns seen after the training period were associated with both the novel and common finger movements. Regarding the patterns extracted from the artificially evoked movements, the number required to explain most of the variance in the data was unchanged after the training period. Our results indicate that novel finger movements are acquired through the reorganization of preexisting finger covariation patterns represented in the corticospinal system rather than the development of new patterns. These findings might have implications for the basic mechanism responsible for the development of movement repertories in the nervous system.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Various types of finger movements involve common finger covariation patterns, and these patterns are represented in the corticospinal system. Here we examined how a novel finger covariation pattern is acquired in that system through training of a novel finger movement that is irrelevant to common finger movements. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we found that the preexisting patterns that contribute to finer control of finger movements are rapidly reorganized to encode the novel pattern through the training.