Phylogeography of a Tertiary relict plant, Meconopsis cambrica (Papaveraceae), implies the existence of northern refugia for a temperate herb
Phylogeography of a Tertiary relict plant, Meconopsis cambrica (Papaveraceae), implies the existence of northern refugia for a temperate herb
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第三纪孑遗植物绿绒蒿（罂粟科）的系统发育地理学表明，存在温带草本植物的北方避难所
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-294x.2012.05473.x
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
J. Kadereit
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. Valtueña;C. Preston;J. Kadereit
多年生草本绿绒蒿（Meconopsis cambrica）是西欧特有的植物，是喜马拉雅绿绒蒿属（Meconopsis）中唯一的欧洲物种，被解释为第三纪遗留物种。利用rbcL和ITS序列的变异，我们确定了cambrica与它的姊妹分支Papaver s.str之间的分裂时间。中新世中上段（12.8 Myr, 6.4-19.2 Myr HPD）。在寒武纪m.c ambrica中，cpDNA序列变异揭示了两组具有相当水平遗传变异的种群的存在：来自大不列颠、中部山脉、比利牛斯山脉西部和伊比利亚系统的北部群体，以及来自比利牛斯山脉中部和东部的南部群体。来自坎塔布连山脉的种群被分为两组。根据ITS序列的差异，这两组之间的差异可以追溯到1.5 Myr (0.4-2.8 Myr HPD)，而英国人口的年龄估计为0.37 Myr （0.0-0.9 Myr HPD）。扩增片段长度多态性结果证实了来自英国、中部山脉和比利牛斯山脉中东部的人群的独特性。这些纬度变异模式不同于许多其他温带物种的纵向分化模式，暗示了北方避难所中北方种群的冰川生存。北、南cpDNA群的主要分化可以追溯到第四纪开始的时候，这表明一种古老的系统地理格局经历了几个冰川期。我们的数据提供的证据表明，该物种已经持续了很长一段时间，高度分散，可能非常局部分布。
The perennial herb Meconopsis cambrica, a western European endemic, is the only European species of the otherwise Himalayan genus Meconopsis and has been interpreted as a Tertiary relict species. Using rbcL and ITS sequence variation, we date the split between M. cambrica and its sister clade Papaver s.str. to the Middle to Upper Miocene (12.8 Myr, 6.4–19.2 Myr HPD). Within M. cambrica, cpDNA sequence variation reveals the existence of two groups of populations with a comparable level of genetic variation: a northern group from Great Britain, the Massif Central, the western Pyrenees and the Iberian System, and a southern group from the central and eastern Pyrenees. Populations from the Cantabrian Mountains were placed in both groups. Based on ITS sequence variation, the divergence between these two groups can be dated to 1.5 Myr (0.4–2.8 Myr HPD), and the age of the British populations is estimated as 0.37 Myr (0.0–0.9 Myr HPD). Amplified fragment length polymorphism results confirm the distinctive nature of the populations from Britain, the Massif Central and the central and eastern Pyrenees. These patterns of latitudinal variation of M. cambrica differ from patterns of longitudinal differentiation found in many other temperate species and imply glacial survival of the northern populations in northerly refugia. The primary differentiation into northern and southern cpDNA groups dates to near the onset of the Quaternary and suggests that an ancient phylogeographic pattern has survived through several glacial periods. Our data provide evidence that the species has persisted for a long period with a highly fragmented and probably very localized distribution.