Alcohol-Impaired Driving and Perceived Risks of Legal Consequences.
Alcohol-Impaired Driving and Perceived Risks of Legal Consequences.
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饮酒受损的驾驶和认为法律后果的风险。
DOI：
10.1111/acer.13298
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发表时间：
2017-02
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Eldred LM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sloan FA;McCutchan SA;Eldred LM
驾驶而受损（DWI）是对公共健康的威胁。编纂的法律的制裁是一项广泛实施的减少酒后驾车的战略。然而，目前还不清楚，制裁影响个人的风险认知，以阻止酒精受损的驾驶。使用从美国八个城市的驾驶员、警察和专门从事DWI的辩护律师那里收集的调查数据，我们调查了对酒精受损驾驶的法律的后果的风险认知，包括酒精受损驾驶时被拦下的风险和DWI后接受具体处罚的风险，是否会阻止酒精受损驾驶。首先，我们分析了不同的司机的风险感知被拉到一边，面临刑事制裁与他们自我报告的酒精受损驾驶在一年后的采访中，风险感知被引出。其次，使用数据从一个实验模块中，个人的风险认知随机更新的采访，我们分析了如何每个司机的信念，他或她自己的未来酒精受损的驾驶反应随机产生的增加的忧虑概率和制裁幅度。在这两项分析中，被拦下的个体估计的更高概率对应于较少的酒精受损驾驶。相反，有没有统计关系的刑事制裁DWI和酒精受损驾驶的看法与一个例外，一个小的显着的负相关关系的持续时间的监狱时间后DWI定罪和酒精受损驾驶。关于被逮捕的酒精受损驾驶的威胁的看法与实际的自我报告的驾驶有关，而在DWI定罪后，对DWI的处罚通常与实际的自我报告的酒精受损驾驶或该人对她/他在第二年酒精受损时驾驶的概率的估计无关。通过增加警察人员和/或进行清醒检查来增加逮捕的确定性，是减少酒后驾车的一个更有效的战略，而不是立法增加对DWI的处罚。
Driving while impaired (DWI) is a threat to public health. Codified legal sanctions are a widely-implemented strategy to reduce DWI. However, it is unclear that sanctioning affects individual risk perceptions so as to deter alcohol-impaired driving. Using survey data collected from individual drivers, police, and defense attorneys specializing in DWI in eight U.S. cities, we investigated whether risk perceptions about legal consequences for alcohol-impaired driving, both the risk of being stopped if driving while alcohol-impaired and receiving specific penalties following a DWI, deter alcohol-impaired driving. First, we analyzed how different drivers’ risk perceptions about being pulled over and facing criminal sanctions related to their self-reported alcohol-impaired driving in the year following the interview at which risk perceptions were elicited. Second, using data from an experimental module in which individual’s risk perceptions were randomly updated by the interview, we analyzed how each driver’s beliefs about his or her own future alcohol-impaired driving responded to randomly-generated increases in the apprehension probability and sanction magnitude. Higher probabilities as estimated by the individuals of being pulled over corresponded to less alcohol-impaired driving in both analyses. Conversely, there was no statistical relationship between perceptions of criminal sanctions for DWI and alcohol-impaired driving with one exception—a small significant negative relationship between duration of jail time following a DWI conviction and alcohol-impaired driving. Perceptions regarding the threat of being apprehended for alcohol-impaired driving were related to actual self-reported driving, while perceived sanctions following a DWI conviction for DWI generally were unrelated to either actual self-reported alcohol-impaired driving or the person’s estimate of probability that s/he would drive while alcohol-impaired in the following year. Increasing certainty of apprehension by increasing police staffing and/or conducting sobriety checks is a more effective strategy for reducing alcohol-impaired driving than legislating increased penalties for DWI.