What makes risk acceptable? Revisiting the 1978 psychological dimensions of perceptions of technological risks
What makes risk acceptable? Revisiting the 1978 psychological dimensions of perceptions of technological risks
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmp.2016.05.003
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发表时间：
2016-12-01
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Weber, Elke U.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fox-Glassman, Katherine T.;Weber, Elke U.
感知风险的复杂性以及感知风险和收益对风险可接受性或风险承担的影响已经从多个方面进行了分析。R. Duncan Luce对风险和风险可接受性定量定义的规范性和描述性模型做出了重要贡献，集中于可能结果的影响及其概率。相反，Fischhoff、Slovic和Lichtenstein评估了感知技术风险和社会风险的一系列定性和情感维度，并分析了它们对感知风险和风险可接受性的影响。目前的研究对他们1978年的研究进行了最小限度的复制，从不同的美国居民群体中引出了风险感知。近40年后，我们发现一种按等级排序的风险感知模式几乎没有改变，仍然可以用两个因素来解释：恐惧和不确定性。然而，我们发现，今天的恐惧风险比最初的研究显示出更大的影响，现在反映了自愿和不可控风险特征的更大贡献。最后，我们反思了不同类型风险研究的相互影响，并指出了未来有希望的研究方向。(C) 2016作者。Elsevier Inc.出版。
The complex nature of perceivedrisk and the influence of perceived risks and benefits on risk acceptability or risk taking have been analyzed in multiple ways. R. Duncan Luce made important contributions to both normative and descriptive models of quantitative definitions of risk and risk acceptability, concentrating on the effects of possible outcomes and their probability. Fischhoff, Slovic, and Lichtenstein, in contrast, assessed a set of qualitative and affective dimensions of perceived technological and social risk and analyzed their effects on perceived risk and risk acceptability. The current research presents a minimally modified replication of their 1978 study, eliciting risk perceptions from a diverse group of US residents. After almost 40 years, we find a pattern of rank-ordered risk perceptions that remains practically unchanged, and is still explained by two factors: dread and uncertainty. We find, however, that today dread risk shows a greater influence than it did in the original study, and now reflects stronger contributions of the voluntary and uncontrollable risk characteristics. We end by reflecting on the mutual impact of different types of risk research and point out promising future research directions. (C) 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc.