Roles of Key Epigenetic Regulators in the Gene Transcription and Progression of Prostate Cancer.

Roles of Key Epigenetic Regulators in the Gene Transcription and Progression of Prostate Cancer.
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关键表观遗传调节因子在前列腺癌基因转录和进展中的作用

DOI:
10.3389/fmolb.2021.743376
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
5
通讯作者:
Li X
Li X
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Deng T;Xiao Y;Dai Y;Xie L;Li X

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前列腺癌(PCa)是一种发病率最高的恶性肿瘤,是美国男性第二大常见死亡原因,也是全球男性癌症死亡的第五大原因。雄激素受体(AR)作为关键的转录因子,通过雄激素刺激调节一系列靶基因,在前列腺癌的发生发展中起着关键作用。AR的多种共调节因子,包括共激活因子或共抑制因子,参与了AR介导的基因转录和前列腺癌的进展。表观遗传调节剂通过改变染色质的完整性和可及性来进行转录调控,而不改变DNA序列,从而影响AR的转录活性,并进一步调节AR靶基因的基因表达,从而决定细胞命运、前列腺癌进展和治疗反应。本文综述了AR与表观遗传调控因子的结构相互作用,包括组蛋白或DNA甲基化,组蛋白乙酰化或非编码RNA,以及在前列腺癌进展中的功能协同作用。重要的是,表观遗传调节因子已被证实为诊断标记和治疗靶点。已经开发了一系列表观遗传靶向药物,并证明了单独或与抗雄激素联合治疗前列腺癌的潜力。
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a top-incidence malignancy, and the second most common cause of death amongst American men and the fifth leading cause of cancer death in men around the world. Androgen receptor (AR), the key transcription factor, is critical for the progression of PCa by regulating a series of target genes by androgen stimulation. A number of co-regulators of AR, including co-activators or co-repressors, have been implicated in AR-mediated gene transcription and PCa progression. Epigenetic regulators, by modifying chromatin integrity and accessibility for transcription regulation without altering DNA sequences, influence the transcriptional activity of AR and further regulate the gene expression of AR target genes in determining cell fate, PCa progression and therapeutic response. In this review, we summarized the structural interaction of AR and epigenetic regulators including histone or DNA methylation, histone acetylation or non-coding RNA, and functional synergy in PCa progression. Importantly, epigenetic regulators have been validated as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets. A series of epigenetic target drugs have been developed, and have demonstrated the potential to treat PCa alone or in combination with antiandrogens.
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