Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line
Cultural Boundaries of Science: Credibility on the Line
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科学的文化边界：可信度岌岌可危
DOI：
10.2307/2654345
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发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
T. Gieryn
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
T. Gieryn
为什么科学如此可信？关键的答案集中在科学家的客观方法或他们强大的工具上。本文认为，对科学的文化权威的更好的解释在于下游，当科学主张离开实验室，进入法庭，会议室和客厅。在这种情况下，我们用“地图”来决定相信谁--文化地图将“科学”与伪科学、意识形态、信仰或胡说八道区分开来。托马斯F.吉伦着眼于边界工作的片段：颅相学是好的科学吗？冷聚变怎么样？社会科学真的是科学吗？有机农业？在经历了几个世纪的争论之后，吉伦发现没有一个稳定的标准可以绝对区分科学和非科学。科学仍然是一个柔韧的文化空间，灵活地重塑，以声称某些信仰的可信度，同时否认其他信仰。在结语中，吉伦发现同样的争论也是激烈的“科学战争”的核心。
Why is science so credible? Usual answers centre on scientists' objective methods or their powerful instruments. This text argues that a better explanation for the cultural authority of science lies downstream, when scientific claims leave laboratories and enter courtrooms, boardrooms, and living rooms. On such occasions, we use "maps" to decide who to believe - cultural maps demarcating "science" from pseudoscience, ideology, faith, or nonsense. Thomas F. Gieryn looks at episodes of boundary-work: Was phrenology good science? How about cold fusion? Is social science really scientific? Is organic farming? After centuries of disputes like these, Gieryn finds no stable criteria that absolutely distinguish science from non-science. Science remains a pliable cultural space, flexibly reshaped to claim credibility for some beliefs while denying it to others. In an epilogue, Gieryn finds this same controversy at the heart of the raging "science wars".