HOW PURE ARE INBRED STRAINS OF MICE
HOW PURE ARE INBRED STRAINS OF MICE
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DOI：
10.1016/0167-5699(82)90093-7
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
BAILEY, DW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
BAILEY, DW
当免疫学家发现近亲交配的小鼠时，当他们遇到据称是近亲交配的基因不同的小鼠时，他们会情不自禁地变得不抱幻想。遗传杂质(同种异体)的来源有很多：不完全近亲繁殖、突变、无意中的异交、标记错误以及上位性和杂合子选择。在这篇文章中，DW Bailey讨论了这些致病来源和适当的预防措施。免疫学是生物学中第一个利用近亲交配小鼠的遗传特性的领域，在这样做的过程中得出了一个重大发现。定义组织移植排斥和存活的遗传基础的多基因模型是由Little and Tyzzer 1根据涉及日本华尔兹小鼠的杂交数据建立的，日本华尔兹小鼠是一种无意的近亲繁殖品系。该模型至今仍然有效，Snell 2很好地证明了这一点，此外，移植排斥的免疫学基础，因为它是在当时构思的3，与我们今天对它的理解相距不远。然而，在一些肿瘤移植研究之外，免疫学家似乎已经与近亲交配的小鼠分道扬镳了大约30年。不用说，由于目前对组织同种异体抗原和免疫反应基因的功能识别和研究的浓厚兴趣，近亲交配的小鼠在免疫学研究中获得了极大的欢迎；对于这些研究，同源基因组是必需的。我们对近亲交配小鼠特性的大部分信任来自我们的个人经验或在实验中发表的对近亲交配品系特性的观察，这些观察结果得到了成熟的遗传理论的加强。在遇到基因异常的老鼠之前，这种信任一直存在。然后，失望和幻灭随之而来。
As usejhI as immunologists find the inbred mouse, they cannot help but become disenchanted when they encounter genetically disparate mice in a purportedly inbred strain. Genetic impurity (allogenicity) can arise from a number of sources: incomplete inbreeding, mutation, inadvertent outcrossing, mislabeling, and epistatic and heterozygote selection. In this article DW Bailey discusses these vitiating sources and the appropriate precautions against them.Immunology was the first field of biology to exploit the genetic properties of the inbred mouse and in so doing came up with a major discovery. The muhiple-gene model that defines the genetic basis for the rejection and survival of tissue transplants was formulated by Little and Tyzzer 1 from data on crosses involving the Japanese Waltzing Mouse, an inadvertently inbred strain. That model holds with validity to this date, as demonstrated so well by Snell 2, Moreover, the immunological basis of transplant rejection, as it was conceived at that time 3, was not far from our understanding of it today. However, outside of a few tumor transplant studies immunologists seemed to have parted company with the inbred mouse for about 30 years. Needless to say, the inbred mouse has since gained great popularity in immunological research due to the currently strong interests in identifying and studying the functions of tissue alloantigens and immune response genes; for these studies a homogeneous genome is obligatory. Most of our trust in the properties of the inbred mouse comes from our personal experiences or from published observations on the properties of inbred strains in experiments, and those observations are reinforced by well-developed genetic theory. This trust remains until the genetically exceptional mouse is encountered. Then disappointment and disenchantment ensue.