Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking
Coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements is different during overground and treadmill walking
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DOI：
10.1007/s00421-009-1168-5
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ferrarin, Maurizio
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Carpinella, Ilaria;Crenna, Paolo;Ferrarin, Maurizio
运动研究使用跑步机(TW)或地面步行(OW)，认为它们之间的差异可以忽略不计。目前的研究通过比较健康个体在OW和TW以匹配速度进行的上肢和下肢运动之间的协调性来检验这一概念。结果表明，TW引起较高的节拍，这对肢体间的协调性有很大影响，表现在手臂和大腿运动的频率耦合和相对相位上。在低速时，2：1模式(每步双臂摆动)在TW中的发生率低于OW，这与前者肩部较低的矢状加速度相关，前者的频率是前者的两倍。此外，TW中2：1偶联的低发生率与优先采用超过手臂共振频率80%的节奏有关，而OW中这一模式的较高发生率涉及优先采用低于80%阈值的节奏。结果还表明，TW组手臂与同侧大腿摆动之间的相对相位较小，与大腿最大伸展、站立相缩短和节奏增加的出现时间较早相关。这些发现表明，OW和TW的臂腿协调性是不同的，这种差异主要归因于调节步频、控制动态轴向姿势(矢状肩加速度)以及可能保持肢体间同步性的中枢机制的具体设置。如果在生理学和病理生理学研究中使用这两个范例的数据，那么对TW和OW中不同的“运动集合”的认识是至关重要的。
Locomotion studies employ either treadmill (TW) or overground walking (OW), considering that differences between them are negligible. The present study tests this notion by comparing coordination between upper- and lower-limb movements in healthy individuals during OW and TW at matched speeds. Results indicated that TW induced a higher cadence, which highly influenced interlimb coordination, in terms of frequency coupling and relative phase between arm and thigh motion. At low speed, the 2:1 pattern (double arm swing per stride) displayed lower incidence in TW compared to OW, and this was correlated with a lower sagittal acceleration at the shoulders, at twice the stride frequency, in the former condition. The low occurrence of the 2:1 coupling in TW, moreover, was correlated to a preferential adoption of a cadence exceeding 80% of the arm's resonant frequency, whereas higher incidence of this pattern in OW involved a preferential cadence below the 80% threshold. Results indicated also that the relative phase between arm and ipsilateral thigh swinging was smaller in TW, in relation to an earlier occurrence of maximum thigh extension, shortened stance phase, and increased cadence. These findings suggest that arm-leg coordination is different in OW and TW, and that difference can be mainly ascribed to condition-specific setting of central mechanisms for scaling stride frequency, for controlling dynamic axial posture (sagittal shoulder acceleration), and, possibly, for maintaining inter-limb synchrony. Awareness of a different "motor set" in TW and OW is critical if data from the two paradigms are used in physiological and patho-physiological studies.