Dissemination of well water arsenic results to homeowners in Central Maine: Influences on mitigation behavior and continued risks for exposure
Dissemination of well water arsenic results to homeowners in Central Maine: Influences on mitigation behavior and continued risks for exposure
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.079
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发表时间：
2015-02-01
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Zheng, Yan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flanagan, Sara V.;Marvinney, Robert G.;Zheng, Yan
在美国，私人水井不受饮用水标准的监管，房主有责任进行检测和处理。检测水质参数，如砷（as），是房主采取保护措施的关键第一步。本研究旨在找出关键的行为因素，影响业主决定采取行动后，收到良好的测试结果。2013年1月对缅因州中部家庭进行的一项调查（n = 386,73%的回答者）发现，43%的家庭报告安装了砷处理系统，这些家庭在3-7年前就被告知他们的井水含有超过10 μ g/L的砷。另有30%的家庭报告说，由于a，他们采取了其他缓解行动，如饮用瓶装水，但其余27%的家庭没有采取行动。井水As水平似乎是缓解措施的动机：井水水平在10 - 50 μ g/L之间的家庭中有31%没有采取行动，相比之下，井水水平在50 μ g/L之间的家庭中有11%没有采取行动。认为未经处理的水不安全饮用（风险）和减少饮用水a会增加房屋价值（工具态度）被确定为减轻a的重要预测因素。减轻a暴露与较少担心a水平（情感态度）有关，可能是因为那些采取行动减少暴露的人不太担心a。即使有额外的费用（自我效能），人们也有信心能够维持治疗系统，从而显著地预测了治疗系统的使用。在2013年8月至11月期间，对68个家庭使用的砷处理系统进行了评估，这些家庭的井水砷含量为10 μ g/L，其中15%的处理装置未能生产出低于10 μ g/L的水，这表明即使在决定进行处理之后，暴露的风险仍然存在。(C) 2014 Elsevier B.V.版权所有
Private wells in the United States are unregulated for drinking water standards and are the homeowner's responsibility to test and treat. Testing for water quality parameters such as arsenic (As) is a crucial first step for homeowners to take protective actions.This study seeks to identify key behavioral factors influencing homeowners' decisions to take action after receiving well As test results. A January 2013 survey of central Maine households (n = 386,73% response) who were notified 3-7 years earlier that their well water contained As above 10 mu g/L found that 43% of households report installing As treatment systems. Another 30% report taking other mitigation actions such as drinking bottled water because of the As, but the remaining 27% of households did not act. Well water As level appears to be a motivation for mitigation: 31% of households with well water level between 10 and 50 mu g/L did not act, compared to 11% of households with well water >50 mu g/L. The belief that the untreated water is not safe to drink (risk) and that reducing drinking water As would increase home value (instrumental attitude) were identified as significant predictors of mitigating As. Mitigating As exposure is associated with less worry about the As level (affective attitude), possibly because those acting to reduce exposure feel less worried about As. Use of a treatment system specifically was significantly predicted by confidence that one can maintain a treatment system, even if there are additional costs (self-efficacy).An assessment of As treatment systems used by 68 of these households with well water As >10 mu g/L followed up within August-November 2013 found that 15% of treatment units failed to produce water below As 10 mu g/L, suggesting that there are continued risks for exposure even after the decision is made to treat. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.