An estimated 400-800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community.
An estimated 400-800 million tons of prey are annually killed by the global spider community.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00114-017-1440-1
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发表时间：
2017-04
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Birkhofer K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Nyffeler M;Birkhofer K
蜘蛛被认为是世界上最重要的昆虫天敌之一。为了记录全球蜘蛛群落作为昆虫捕食者的影响，我们对每年杀死的昆虫猎物的生物量进行了估计。我们用两种不同的方法评估的估计表明，全球蜘蛛群落每年杀死的猎物在4亿至8亿公吨（鲜重）之间，昆虫和弹尾虫占捕获猎物的90%以上。这大约相当于全球陆地净初级生产量的千分之一。森林和草原上的蜘蛛占全球蜘蛛群落全年猎物杀死量的95%以上，而其他栖息地的蜘蛛全年的贡献相当微不足道。与一年生作物相关的蜘蛛群落对全球年度猎物捕杀量的贡献不到2%。然而，这可以部分地解释为这样一个事实，即一年生作物田是“受干扰的栖息地”，蜘蛛生物量的积累很低，而农生生物蜘蛛往往只在一年中的短时间内杀死猎物。我们的估计是支持的排斥实验的结果表明，草食性/食草性昆虫和跳虫的数量显着增加后，蜘蛛从实验地块。估计全球每年的猎物杀死和蜘蛛捕食在不同的生物群落的相对贡献，提高蜘蛛生态学的一般理解，并提供了第一次评估的全球影响，这个非常重要的捕食者群体。
Spiders have been suspected to be one of the most important groups of natural enemies of insects worldwide. To document the impact of the global spider community as insect predators, we present estimates of the biomass of annually killed insect prey. Our estimates assessed with two different methods suggest that the annual prey kill of the global spider community is in the range of 400–800 million metric tons (fresh weight), with insects and collembolans composing >90% of the captured prey. This equals approximately 1‰ of the global terrestrial net primary production. Spiders associated with forests and grasslands account for >95% of the annual prey kill of the global spider community, whereas spiders in other habitats are rather insignificant contributors over a full year. The spider communities associated with annual crops contribute less than 2% to the global annual prey kill. This, however, can be partly explained by the fact that annual crop fields are “disturbed habitats” with a low buildup of spider biomass and that agrobiont spiders often only kill prey over short time periods in a year. Our estimates are supported by the published results of exclusion experiments, showing that the number of herbivorous/detritivorous insects and collembolans increased significantly after spider removal from experimental plots. The presented estimates of the global annual prey kill and the relative contribution of spider predation in different biomes improve the general understanding of spider ecology and provide a first assessment of the global impact of this very important predator group.