How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted?
How is Helicobacter pylori transmitted?
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DOI：
10.1016/s0016-5085(97)80004-2
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Cave, DR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cave, DR
幽门螺杆菌是世界上最常见的病原体之一。它在世界上约60%的人口中定居，引起胃炎和消化性溃疡，并与胃腺癌和淋巴瘤密切相关。然而，大多数人从未患上临床疾病。在马歇尔和沃伦培养幽门螺杆菌13年后，我们仍然不知道它的主要传播方式。在第三世界，童年是感染的主要时期，但在发达国家，儿童感染很少见。可能的感染途径包括口腔-口腔或粪便-口腔、医源性传播(无意中使用无菌pH探头和内窥镜)以及通过苍蝇传播媒介。提供了支持每种传播途径的证据，但没有主要途径。唯一重要的感染源似乎是人类自身。这种微生物已经在一些家猫和非人类灵长类动物中发现，但人类与后者互动的机会很少，这使得从这种来源感染的可能性不大。这种有机体有变成球形体的倾向。这可能代表了一种持久的形式，在这种形式下，幽门螺杆菌可以在环境中存在，但尚未表明它可以恢复到复制形式。
Helicobacter pylori is one of the world's most common pathogens. It colonizes about 60% of the world's population, causes gastritis and peptic ulcer, and is strongly associated with gastric adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. However, most individuals never develop clinical disease. Thirteen years after the culture of H. pylori by Marshall and Warren, we still do not know its major mode of transmission. Childhood represents the major period of acquisition of infection in the third world, but infection is rare in children in the developed world. Possible routes of infection include either oral-oral or fecal-oral, iatrogenic spread with inadvertent use of unsterile pH probes and endoscopes, and vectorial spread by flies. Evidence to support each route of transmission is provided, but there is no predominant route. The only significant reservoir of infection appears to be humans themselves. The organism has been found in some domestic cats and in nonhuman primates, but the opportunities for human interaction with the latter are rare, making infection from this source an unlikely possibility. The organism has the propensity to become a coccoid form. This may represent a persistent form in which H. pylori can exist in the environment, but it has yet to be shown that it can revert to the replicative form.