The function of α-synuclein.

The function of α-synuclein.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.neuron.2013.09.004
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发表时间:
2013-09-18
期刊:
影响因子:
16.2
通讯作者:
Edwards RH
Edwards RH
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bendor JT;Logan TP;Edwards RH

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人类遗传学已经表明蛋白质α-突触核蛋白在家族性帕金森病(PD)的发病机制中的因果作用,并且突触核蛋白在基本上所有PD患者中的聚集表明该蛋白质在散发性疾病中的中心作用。事实上,错误折叠的α-突触核蛋白的积累现在定义了多种形式的神经变性。然而,像许多在其他神经退行性疾病中积累的蛋白质一样,突触核蛋白的正常功能仍然知之甚少。α-突触核蛋白特异性地定位于神经末梢,并且当过度表达时抑制神经递质释放,但是敲除对突触传递具有适度的影响,这表明替代的突触前作用。突触核蛋白是天然非结构化的,在膜结合上采用螺旋构象,最近的研究表明它在膜重塑中起作用。在神经变性中,突触核蛋白错误折叠并聚集为β折叠。现在,多项观察结果表明,错误折叠的蛋白质作为朊病毒传播,为变性通过轴突传播提供了机制。然而,触发原始错误折叠的因素仍然未知。
Human genetics has indicated a causal role for the protein α-synuclein in the pathogenesis of familial Parkinson’s disease (PD), and the aggregation of synuclein in essentially all patients with PD suggests a central role for this protein in the sporadic disorder. Indeed, the accumulation of misfolded α-synuclein now defines multiple forms of neural degeneration. Like many of the proteins that accumulate in other neurodegenerative disorders, however, the normal function of synuclein remains poorly understood. α-Synuclein localizes specifically to the nerve terminal and inhibits neurotransmitter release when over-expressed, but the knockout has a modest effect on synaptic transmission, suggesting alternative presynaptic roles. Natively unstructured, synuclein adopts a helical conformation on membrane binding and recent work suggests a role in membrane remodeling. In neural degeneration, synuclein misfolds and aggregates as a β-sheet. Multiple observations now suggest propagation of the misfolded protein as a prion, providing a mechanism for the spread of degeneration through the neuraxis. However, the factors that trigger the original misfolding remain unknown.
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