Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cannabis Use Following Legalization in US States With Medical Cannabis Laws.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in Cannabis Use Following Legalization in US States With Medical Cannabis Laws.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.27002
复制
发表时间：
2021-09-01
影响因子：
13.8
通讯作者：
Hasin DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Martins SS;Segura LE;Levy NS;Mauro PM;Mauro CM;Philbin MM;Hasin DS
美国娱乐性大麻合法化是否与大麻使用结果和大麻使用障碍的变化有关？在这项横断面研究中，分析了2008年至2017年对美国成年人进行的重复年度调查，在制定娱乐性大麻法律后居住在一个州与西班牙裔和非西班牙裔白色人在过去一年和过去一个月使用大麻的几率增加有关。（以及确定为美洲原住民，太平洋岛民，亚洲人或超过1个种族的个人）与娱乐使用法律通过之前的时期相比，非西班牙裔黑人个体没有增加。大麻合法化通常与大麻使用增加有关，而与大麻使用者包括受刑事定罪影响最大的人口亚群成员的频繁使用或使用障碍无关。这项横断面研究比较了美国各州按种族和民族制定娱乐使用法前后自我报告的大麻使用率。在颁布娱乐性大麻法（RCL）后，对种族和民族大麻使用结果的变化知之甚少。研究美国各州RCL的颁布与大麻结果变化之间的关联，按种族和民族总体以及年龄组划分。这项横断面研究使用了2008年至2017年国家药物使用和健康调查的限制使用文件数据，这些数据在2019年9月至2020年3月期间进行了分析。全国调查数据包括美国12岁以上的全部人口。自我报告的过去一年和过去一个月的大麻使用情况，以及在使用大麻的人中，过去一个月每天的大麻使用情况和过去一年的精神疾病诊断和统计手册（第五版）大麻使用障碍。多水平logistic回归适合于估计大麻使用结果的变化，按种族和民族整体以及有和没有颁布RCL的州的受访者之间的年龄，控制有医用大麻法律或没有大麻法律的州的趋势。共有838600名参与者被纳入分析（平均年龄：43岁[范围：12-105岁]; 434 900名妇女[加权百分比：51.5%]; 511 900名参与者（加权百分比，64.6%）被确定为非西班牙裔白色，99 000非西班牙裔黑人78400人（11.9%），西班牙裔78400人（15.8%），其他149200人（7.6%）（包括美洲原住民、太平洋岛民、亚洲人或1个以上种族）。与RCL颁布之前的时期相比，RCL颁布后西班牙裔人去年使用大麻的几率增加（校正比值比[aOR]，1.33; 95% CI，1.15-1.52），其他（aOR，1.31; 95% CI，1.12-1.52）和非西班牙裔白色（aOR，1.21; 95% CI，1.12-1.31）人群，尤其是21岁或以上人群。同样，在RCL颁布后，西班牙裔（aOR，1.43; 95%CI，1.22-1.69），其他（aOR，1.43; 95%CI，1.20-1.70）和非西班牙裔白色（aOR，1.24; 95%CI，1.13-1.35）人群中上个月使用大麻的几率增加。在非西班牙裔黑人或12至20岁的所有种族和族裔群体中，在RCL颁布后的过去一年或过去一个月使用大麻的几率没有增加。此外，在使用大麻的人群中，虽然在任何种族或族裔群体中，过去一个月的每日大麻使用量都没有增加，但在RCL后，大麻使用障碍的几率在被归类为其他整体的个体中增加（aOR，1.45; 95%CI，1.07-1.95），但按年龄组没有发现增加。应监测可能归因于政策颁布和娱乐政策规定变化的种族和族裔大麻使用的变化。为了确保娱乐性大麻法的颁布真正有助于提高结果的公平性并遵守反种族主义政策，需要监测可能归因于娱乐性大麻使用以及种族和民族类似政策的意外和预期后果。
Is the legalization of recreational cannabis in the US associated with changes in cannabis use outcomes and cannabis use disorder across racial and ethnic groups? In this cross-sectional study analyzing repeated yearly surveys of US adults conducted from 2008 to 2017, living in a state after enactment of recreational cannabis laws was associated with increases in the odds of cannabis use within the past year and past month among Hispanic and non-Hispanic White individuals (as well as individuals identifying as Native American, Pacific Islander, Asian, or more than 1 race) compared with the period before the passage of recreational use laws; there were no increases among non-Hispanic Black individuals. Cannabis legalization is generally associated with increased use of cannabis and not associated with frequent use or use disorder among cannabis users, including among members of demographic subgroups most affected by criminalization. This cross-sectional study compares self-reported rates of cannabis use before and after the enactment of recreational use laws in US states by race and ethnicity. Little is known about changes in cannabis use outcomes by race and ethnicity following the enactment of recreational cannabis laws (RCLs). To examine the association between enactment of state RCLs and changes in cannabis outcomes by race and ethnicity overall and by age groups in the US. This cross-sectional study used restricted use file data from the National Surveys of Drug Use and Health between 2008 and 2017, which were analyzed between September 2019 and March 2020. National survey data included the entire US population older than 12 years. Self-reported past-year and past-month cannabis use and, among people that used cannabis, daily past-month cannabis use and past-year Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) cannabis use disorder. Multi-level logistic regressions were fit to estimates changes in cannabis use outcomes by race and ethnicity overall and by age between respondents in states with and without enacted RCLs, controlling for trends in states with medical cannabis laws or no cannabis laws. A total of 838 600 participants were included for analysis (mean age, 43 years [range, 12-105 years]; 434 900 women [weighted percentage, 51.5%]; 511 900 participants (weighted percentage, 64.6%) identified as non-Hispanic White, 99 000 (11.9%) as non-Hispanic Black, 78 400 (15.8%) as Hispanic, and 149 200 (7.6%) as other (including either Native American, Pacific Islander, Asian, or more than 1 race or ethnicity). Compared with the period before RCL enactment, the odds of past-year cannabis use after RCL enactment increased among Hispanic (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 1.33; 95% CI, 1.15-1.52), other (aOR, 1.31; 95% CI, 1.12-1.52), and non-Hispanic White (aOR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.12-1.31) populations, particularly among those aged 21 years or more. Similarly, the odds of past-month cannabis use increased among Hispanic (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.22-1.69), other (aOR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.20-1.70), and non-Hispanic White (aOR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.13-1.35) populations after RCL enactment. No increases were found in the odds of past-year or past-month cannabis use post-RCL enactment among non-Hispanic Black individuals or among individuals aged 12 to 20 years for all race and ethnicity groups. In addition, among people who used cannabis, while no increases were found in past-month daily cannabis in any racial or ethnic group, the odds of cannabis use disorder increased post-RCL among individuals categorized as other overall (aOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.07-1.95), but no increases were found by age group. Changes in cannabis use by race and ethnicity that may be attributable to policy enactment and variations in recreational policy provisions should be monitored. To ensure that the enactment of recreational cannabis laws truly contributes to greater equity in outcomes and adheres to antiracist policies, monitoring unintended and intended consequences that may be attributable to recreational cannabis use and similar policies by race and ethnicity is needed.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Martins, Silvia S.;Mauro, Christine M.;Wall, Melanie
通讯作者：
Wall, Melanie
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Mauro, Pia M.;Carliner, Hannah;Martins, Silvia S.
通讯作者：
Martins, Silvia S.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Compton, Wilson M.;Han, Beth;Blanco, Carlos
通讯作者：
Blanco, Carlos
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
Kilmer, Beau
通讯作者：
Kilmer, Beau
DOI：
10.1111/add.14136
发表时间：
2018-06
期刊：
Addiction (Abingdon, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sarvet AL;Wall MM;Fink DS;Greene E;Le A;Boustead AE;Pacula RL;Keyes KM;Cerdá M;Galea S;Hasin DS
通讯作者：
Hasin DS