Potential for high contribution of urban gardens to nutrient export in urban watersheds

Potential for high contribution of urban gardens to nutrient export in urban watersheds
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城市花园对城市流域养分输出的巨大贡献潜力

DOI:
10.1016/j.landurbplan.2022.104602
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
9.1
通讯作者:
Metson, Geneviève Suzanne
Metson, Geneviève Suzanne
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Small, Gaston E.;Martensson, Niklas;Janke, Benjamin D.;Metson, Geneviève Suzanne

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城市花园和农场通常使用堆肥作为营养来源,其水平通常超过作物营养需求。虽然农业用地是城市土地利用的一小部分,但高投入率加上低养分利用效率表明,从这片土地输出的氮(N)和磷(P)可能是城市养分预算的重要贡献者。我们使用的生态系统服务和权衡(InVEST)的综合评价营养物质输送比模型,以研究潜在的影响,花园密度,堆肥投入率,和养分截留效率对氮和磷出口的雨水径流为737公顷的城市住宅区在圣保罗,明尼苏达州。虽然花园和农场占土地面积的0.1-0.5%,在我们的方案,堆肥投入占高达33%的N输入和85%的P输入到城市景观。花园通过雨水径流对城市养分输出的贡献在很大程度上取决于模拟的最大滞留效率值。如果保留效率高,低堆肥投入的花园是类似于其他植被土地利用的养分输出的贡献,但花园成为流域P输出的重要贡献者,如果堆肥投入高,或如果保留效率下降到75%或更低。这些结果强调了城市养分循环中固有的质量平衡限制,并强调了了解城市景观中过量养分的长期命运的重要性。
Urban gardens and farms typically use compost as a source of nutrients, often at levels that exceed crop nutrient demands. Although land dedicated to agriculture is a small fraction of urban land use, high input rates coupled with low nutrient use efficiencies suggest that export of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from this land could be potentially important contributors to urban nutrient budgets. We used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) Nutrient Delivery Ratio model to examine the potential impact of garden density, compost input rates, and nutrient retention efficiency on N and P export from stormwater runoff for a 737-ha urban residential area in Saint Paul, Minnesota. Although gardens and farms accounted for 0.1-0.5% of land area in our scenarios, compost inputs accounted for as much as 33% of N inputs and 85% of P inputs to the urban landscape. The contribution of gardens to urban nutrient export through stormwater runoff is highly dependent on modeled maximum retention efficiency values. If retention efficiency is high, gardens with low compost inputs are similar to other vegetated land uses in contributions to nutrient export, but gardens become significant contributors to watershed P export if compost inputs are high, or if retention efficiency drops to 75% or lower. These results underscore mass-balance constraints inherent in urban nutrient recycling and highlight the importance of understanding the long-term fate of excess nutrients applied to urban landscapes.
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