Urinary phthalate metabolites among elementary school children of Korea: Sources, risks, and their association with oxidative stress marker
Urinary phthalate metabolites among elementary school children of Korea: Sources, risks, and their association with oxidative stress marker
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DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.10.118
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发表时间：
2014-02-15
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Choi, Kyungho
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kim, Sunmi;Kang, Sungeun;Choi, Kyungho
邻苯二甲酸盐已被用于各种消费品，因此经常在人体内检测到。儿童容易受到邻苯二甲酸盐等扰乱内分泌的化学物质的影响，但关于儿童接触的来源和潜在的不利健康影响的信息有限。本研究在首尔招募了39名小学生(n=39，年龄9-12岁)，每隔三天收集两次无效尿样。采用高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱法对6种邻苯二甲酸酯类代谢物进行了分析。此外，还检测了作为氧化应激标志物的丙二醛(MDA)。进行了问卷调查，收集了有关食品消费和塑料包装或储存材料使用情况的信息。即使在同一受试者体内，邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物的浓度也因采样时间的不同而有很大差异，但所有目标代谢物都在100%的样品中检测到，邻苯二甲酸单丁酯(MnBP)的最高几何平均值为107微克/克肌酐(MnBP)。韩国儿童尿中邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯(MBP)和邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MnBP)水平分别是美国儿童的8倍和3倍，而邻苯二甲酸单乙酯(MEP)则比美国儿童低约5倍。邻苯二甲酸盐的估计摄入量一般在安全范围内，但在3-8%的参与儿童中，注意到危险商数大于1。在回归模型中调整协变量后，尿丙二醛浓度与几种代谢物水平显著相关。在多变量模型中，乳制品或肉类的消费和塑料材料的使用与DEHP代谢物或MnBP水平显著相关。本研究的结果为邻苯二甲酸盐暴露与氧化应激之间的关系提供了证据，特别是在青少年早期，并确定了可用于制定儿童邻苯二甲酸盐暴露管理计划的主要来源。(C)2013爱思唯尔B.V.保留所有权利。
Phthalates have been used in a variety of consumer products and hence frequently been detected in humans. Children are susceptible to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as phthalates, but only limited information is available on the sources of exposure and potential adverse health effects among children. In this study, elementary school students (n = 39, aged 9-12 years) were recruited in Seoul, and first void urine samples were collected twice in three-day intervals. Then six phthalate metabolites were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography with triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometry. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) as an oxidative stress marker was measured. A questionnaire was conducted and information on food consumption and the use of plastic packaging or storage materials was gathered. The concentrations of phthalate metabolites varied substantially by sampling time even within the same subject, but all target metabolites were detected in 100% of the samples with the highest geometric mean of 107 mu g/g-creatinine for mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). Urinary levels of mono-isobutyl phthalate (MiBP), and MnBP among Korean children were 8 and 3 times greater than those reported for US children, but those of monoethyl phthalate (MEP) were about 5 times lower than those of US children. Estimated phthalate intakes were generally in safe range, but in 3-8% of the participating children, the hazard quotients greater than one were noted. Urinary MDA concentrations were significantly associated with several metabolite levels after adjusting covariates in regression model. Consumption of dairy products or meat and use of a plastic material were significantly associated with the DEHP metabolites or MnBP levels in multivariate model. The results of this study provide evidence of the association between phthalate exposure and oxidative stress especially among the early teenagers, and identified major sources that can be applied to development of management plan for phthalate exposure among children. (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.