Judging the Behavior of People We Know: Objective Assessment, Confirmation of Preexisting Views, or Both?
Judging the Behavior of People We Know: Objective Assessment, Confirmation of Preexisting Views, or Both?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1177/0146167213507287
复制
发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Dufner, Michael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Leising, Daniel;Gallrein, Anne-Marie B.;Dufner, Michael
本研究调查了人们对行为的判断受真理(通过平均观察者判断来衡量)和系统偏差(即感知者对目标对象的预先存在的看法)的影响的相对程度。使用在线问卷和实验室会议(N=155)的数据，我们证明了在特定情况下对人们实际行为的自我和同行判断在某种程度上是准确的，但也受到感知者在观察他们的行为之前对他们的看法的影响。后一种效果包括一般评价部分(通常是对目标的正面或负面看法)和具体内容部分(例如，就具体特征而言对目标的看法受到限制)。我们还发现，朋友，而不是目标本身，往往比不认识的观察者更积极地判断目标的行为。讨论了这些发现在日常生活和研究背景下对人的感知的相关性。
The present study investigates the relative extent to which judgments of people's behavior are influenced by truth (as measured by averaged observer-judgments) and by systematic bias (i.e., perceivers' preexisting views of target persons). Using data from online questionnaires and laboratory sessions (N = 155), we demonstrate that self- and peer-judgments of people's actual behavior in specific situations are somewhat accurate but are also affected by what perceivers thought of the targets before observing their behavior. The latter effect comprises a general evaluative component (generally positive or negative views of targets) and a content-specific component (views of targets in terms of specific characteristics, for example, restrained). We also found that friends, but not targets themselves, tend to judge targets' behaviors more positively than unacquainted observers do. The relevance of these findings for person perception in everyday life and in research contexts is discussed.