Compensatory growth response in pigs: Effects on growth performance, composition of weight gain at carcass and muscle levels, and meat quality
Compensatory growth response in pigs: Effects on growth performance, composition of weight gain at carcass and muscle levels, and meat quality
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2006-164
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Lebret, B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heyer, A.;Lebret, B.
采用限制/实现饲喂策略，提高猪的市重年龄和最终平均日增重，改善胴体和肌肉水平的蛋白质和脂肪沉积率，从而改善猪肉的食用品质。试验共选用126头杜洛克x（大白x长白猪）猪（母猪和阉割公猪）。在平均体重为30 kg时，在产仔和性别范围内，被体重阻碍的窝仔对被随机分配为生长期（30 ~ 70 kg体重）和育肥期（70 ~ 110 kg体重）的自由采食组（AL, n = 56），或生长期（以体重为基础）按AL猪ADFI的65%限饲组（CG, n = 56）和育肥期AL采食组（代偿生长组，n = 56）。在每个饲喂方案中，70 kg体重屠宰15头猪，110 kg体重屠宰41头猪。另外，在30 kg体重时屠宰14头猪，计算组织沉积率。CG猪在生长期间平均日增重下降（-35%,P = 0.001），但在育肥期（即补偿性生长）由于ADFI和G:F增大（P = 0.001），平均日增重增加（+13%,P = 0.001）。因此，CG猪在110 kg体重时比AL猪大19 d。CG猪在70 kg体重时比AL猪瘦（例如，CG猪和AL猪的平均背膘厚度分别为11.7和13.5 mm, P = 0.023），而在110 kg体重时差异减小（CG猪和AL猪的平均背膘厚度分别为20.6和21.0 mm, P = 0.536）。70 kg体重时，CG猪和AL猪的LM肌内脂肪（IMF）含量无显著差异（分别为1.25比1.49%,P = 0.118），而CG猪在110 kg体重时LM肌内脂肪含量较低（分别为2.19比2.53%,P = 0.034）。饲喂方式影响增重成分。在30 ~ 70 kg体重阶段，限饲降低了胴体水平的瘦肉和脂肪组织沉积以及肌肉水平的蛋白质和脂肪沉积（P = 0.001）。在70 ~ 110 kg体重范围内，CG饲喂策略在胴体水平上增加了脂肪沉积（P = 0.016），但没有增加瘦肉组织沉积（P = 0.016）。然而，肌肉水平的脂质和蛋白质沉积不受影响。因此，实现促进皮下脂肪沉积在IMF。饲喂方式对110 kg体重时的技术肉品质的影响不大。CG饲喂策略降低了肉质多汁性评分（P = 0.014），但对其他感官性状没有影响。通过改变限制和实施期限的开始或持续时间，可以提高IMF含量和改善猪肉质量。
A restriction/realimentation feeding strategy was applied to pigs to increase the age at market weight and final ADG, modify protein and lipid deposition rates at carcass and muscle levels, and thereby improve eating quality of the pork. A total of 126 Duroc x (Large White x Landrace) pigs (females and castrated males) were used. At the average BW of 30 kg, within litter and sex, pairs of littermates (blocked by BW) were randomly assigned to ad libitum (AL) feeding during growing (30 to 70 kg of BW) and finishing (70 to 110 kg of BW) periods (AL, n = 56), or restricted feeding at 65% of the ADFI of the AL pigs, on a BW basis, during the growing period and AL feeding during finishing (compensatory growth, CG; n = 56). In each feeding regimen, 15 pigs were slaughtered at 70 kg of BW, and 41 pigs were slaughtered at 110 kg of BW. Additionally, 14 pigs were slaughtered at 30 kg of BW to calculate tissue deposition rates. The CG pigs showed decreased ADG (-35%, P = 0.001) during growing but increased ADG (+13%, P = 0.001) during finishing (i.e., compensatory growth) due to greater (P = 0.001) ADFI and G:F Hence, CG pigs were 19 d older at 110 kg of BW than AL pigs. The CG pigs were leaner at 70 kg of BW than AL (e.g., 11.7 vs. 13.5 mm of average backfat thickness for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.023), whereas the differences were reduced at 110 kg of BW (20.6 vs. 21.0 mm of average backfat thickness for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.536). At 70 kg of BW, intramuscular fat (IMF) content of LM did not differ between CG and AL pigs (1.25 vs. 1.49%, respectively, P = 0.118), whereas CG pigs, had less IMF in LM at 110 kg of BW (2.19 vs. 2.53% for CG and AL pigs, respectively, P = 0.034). Feeding regimen influenced the composition of weight gain. From 30 to 70 kg of BW, feed restriction reduced (P = 0.001) lean and adipose tissue deposition at the carcass level and protein and lipid deposition at the muscle level. From 70 to 110 kg of BW, the CG feeding strategy increased (P = 0.016) deposition of adipose but not of lean tissue at the carcass level. However, lipid and protein deposition at the muscle level were not affected. Thus, realimentation promoted deposition of subcutaneous fat over IMF. Feeding regimen hardly affected technological meat quality at 110 kg of BW. The CG feeding strategy decreased (P = 0.014) the meat juiciness score in relation to the decreased IMF but did not influence other sensory traits. Elevated IMF content and improved pork quality might be achieved by modifying the onset or duration of the restriction and realimentation periods.