Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan
Calendar Age of the Baigetobe Kurgan from the Iron Age Saka Cemetery in Shilikty Valley, Kazakhstan
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DOI：
10.1017/rdc.2015.15
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发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.3
通讯作者：
I. Panyushkina;I. Slyusarenko;R. Sala;J. Deom;A. Toleubayev
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
I. Panyushkina;I. Slyusarenko;R. Sala;J. Deom;A. Toleubayev
摘要本研究旨在建立一套完整的内亚游牧文化重要墓葬遗址的绝对年表。我们调查了来自著名的充满黄金的Baigetobe库尔干（Shilikty-3墓地的1号墓冢）的萨卡考古木材，使用树轮和14 C测年法估计其日历年龄。萨卡人是亚洲斯基泰人最南端的部落，他们在公元前一千年（铁器时代）漫游中亚。Shilikty是位于哈萨克斯坦和中国边境沿着阿尔泰山脉的一个大型墓地。我们提出了一个新的浮动树轮落叶松年表和五个新的14 C日期从建筑木材的拜格托贝库尔干。贝叶斯模型的结果表明，研究的木材的年龄约为公元前730-690 cal。这将库尔干置于西徐亚早期，并验证了先前提出的公元前8世纪至公元前7世纪之间的Baigetobe黄金收藏的年龄，该年龄来自坟墓物品和埋葬仪式的类型学。从年代和风格上看，来自拜格托贝库尔干的斯基泰动物风格黄金更接近于北高加索和图瓦的早期斯基泰人，而不是哈萨克阿尔泰的当地萨卡。我们的测年结果表明，Baigetobe库尔干与Arjan-2库尔干（图瓦）几乎是同时代的，可能是中亚最早的Saka-Scythian精英之一。
Abstract This study addresses the development of an absolute chronology for prominent burial sites of Inner Asian nomadic cultures. We investigate Saka archaeological wood from a well-known gold-filled Baigetobe kurgan (burial mound #1 of Shilikty-3 cemetery) to estimate its calendar age using tree-ring and 14C dating. The Saka was the southernmost tribal group of Asian Scythians, who roamed Central Asia during the 1st millennium BC (Iron Age). The Shilikty is a large burial site located in the Altai Mountains along the border between Kazakhstan and China. We present a new floating tree-ring chronology of larch and five new 14C dates from the construction timbers of the Baigetobe kurgan. The results of Bayesian modeling suggest the age of studied timbers is ~730–690 cal BC. This places the kurgan in early Scythian time and authenticates a previously suggested age of the Baigetobe gold collection between the 8th and 7th centuries BC derived from the typology of grave goods and burial rites. Chronologically and stylistically, the Scythian Animal Style gold from the Baigetobe kurgan is closer to Early Scythians in the North Caucasus and Tuva than to the local Saka occurrences in the Kazakh Altai. Our dating results indicate that the Baigetobe kurgan was nearly contemporaneous to the Arjan-2 kurgan (Tuva) and could be one of the earliest kurgans of the Saka-Scythian elite in Central Asia.