Evaluation of domestic washing in Japan using life cycle assessment (LCA)
Evaluation of domestic washing in Japan using life cycle assessment (LCA)
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1470-6431.2010.00975.x
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发表时间：
2011-03
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Y. Yamaguchi;Eriko Seii;Masako Itagaki;M. Nagayama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Yamaguchi;Eriko Seii;Masako Itagaki;M. Nagayama
生活方式和家庭结构的变化改变了我国消费者的家庭洗涤行为，越来越多地使用洗衣机和烘干机，洗涤剂的偏好也在变化，包括使用浓缩洗涤剂。特别是，组合式洗衣烘干机的数量也有所增加，既节省了空间，又减轻了家务负担。然而，与洗涤相比，用于干燥的电力消耗极高。本研究揭示了吸汗快干衣物在家庭洗涤中的干燥性能，并采用生命周期评价方法对热泵式洗衣烘干机与传统洗衣烘干机的洗涤和干燥性能进行了比较。在本研究中，根据东京每年平均99天的降雨量，假设每年99天进行干燥。两种类型的洗衣机-烘干机的使用都显示出较高的二氧化碳当量排放水平，烘干过程中的能耗水平最高。与传统的洗衣机-干燥机相比，热泵洗衣机-干燥机能够通过节能显著减少二氧化碳当量排放，并且使用更少的水，尽管它确实需要使用更大量的洗涤剂。然而，二氧化碳当量排放量的最大部分是由于干燥过程，使用吸汗快干衣服使这些排放量减少了约10%。洗涤和甩干后衣物的残留水分含量对干燥阶段产生的CO2当量排放量有很大影响，这取决于甩干时间和衣物中聚酯纤维的比例。
Changing lifestyles and family structures have changed consumer domestic washing behaviour in our country, with growing use of washer-dryers and changing detergent preferences, including use of concentrated detergents. In particular, there has also been an increase in the number of combined washer-dryers, which both save space and reduce the housework burden. However, power consumption for drying is extremely high compared to that for washing. This study reveals the drying performance of sweat-absorbent, quick-drying clothing in domestic washing, and uses the life cycle assessment method to evaluate washing and drying with heat-pump washer-dryers compared with the conventional washer-dryer. In this study, it was assumed that drying was used on 99 days per year, based on the mean number of 99 days per year with rainfall in Tokyo. Both types of washer-dryer showed high CO2eq emission levels for usage, with the highest levels for power consumption during drying. Compared with the conventional washer-dryer, the heat-pump washer-dryer was able to reduce CO2eq emissions significantly through power savings and used less water as well, although it did require the use of larger amounts of detergent. However, the largest portion of CO2eq emissions was attributable to the drying process, and the use of sweat-absorbent, quick-drying clothing enabled these emissions to be reduced by approximately 10%. The residual moisture content of clothing after washing and spin-drying, which significantly affects the amount of CO2eq emissions generated at the drying stage, depended on spin-drying times and the proportion of polyester fibres in the clothing.