Diverse and unified mechanisms of transcription initiation in bacteria.

Diverse and unified mechanisms of transcription initiation in bacteria.
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细菌中转录起始的多样化且统一的机制。

DOI:
10.1038/s41579-020-00450-2
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发表时间:
2021-03
期刊:
Nature reviews. Microbiology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Campbell EA
Campbell EA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chen J;Boyaci H;Campbell EA

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DNA的转录是所有细胞生物中的基本过程。负责转录的酶,RNA聚合酶(RNAP),在生命的三个领域中的一般结构和催化功能是保守的。在不同分支之间和内部使用不同的机制来调节转录起始。在原核生物中转录起始的机制研究特别适合,因为启动子识别和解链步骤比真核生物或古细菌中复杂得多。此外,细菌作为病原体和共生体在人类健康中发挥着关键作用,细菌RNAP是抗生素的公认靶点。最近的生物物理研究RNAP和他们的抑制,以及转录起始和转录因子,阐明了转录起始的机制,遗传多样性的细菌,启发这篇评论检查统一和不同的主题在这个过程中。
Transcription of DNA is a fundamental process in all cellular organisms. The enzyme responsible for transcription, RNA polymerase (RNAP), is conserved in general architecture and catalytic function across the three domains of life. Diverse mechanisms are used between and within the different branches to regulate transcription initiation. Mechanistic studies of transcription initiation in prokaryotes are especially amenable because the promoter recognition and melting steps are much less complicated than in eukaryotes or archaea. Also, bacteria play critical roles in human health as pathogens and commensals, and the bacterial RNAP is a proven target for antibiotics. Recent biophysical studies of RNAPs and their inhibition, as well as transcription initiation and transcription factors, have illuminated the mechanisms of transcription initiation in phylogenetically diverse bacteria, inspiring this review to examine unifying and diverse themes in this process.
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