Renal Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Depends on Their Structural Features: Size, Surface, and Crystalline Structure
Renal Epithelial Cell Injury Induced by Calcium Oxalate Monohydrate Depends on Their Structural Features: Size, Surface, and Crystalline Structure
复制标题
一水草酸钙引起的肾上皮细胞损伤取决于其结构特征：大小、表面和晶体结构
DOI：
10.1166/jbn.2016.2289
复制
发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Liu, Ai-Jie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sun, Xin-Yuan;Ouyang, Jian-Ming;Liu, Ai-Jie
正常和肾结石患者的尿晶体通常在晶体大小和表面结构上存在差异，但不同晶体性质对肾小管上皮细胞的影响尚不清楚。本研究旨在比较50 nm、200 nm、1 μ m、3 μ m和10 μ m微米/纳米一水草酸钙（COM）晶体对非洲绿猴肾上皮（Vero）细胞的毒性，揭示晶体大小和表面结构对细胞损伤的影响，探讨草酸钙肾结石的病理机制。Vero细胞的细胞活力、细胞生化参数和内化晶体数量与COM晶体的大小密切相关。在相同浓度（200 μ g/mL）下，COM-1 μ m对Vero细胞的损伤最为严重，对细胞生化参数的影响最为显著，这与Vero细胞特有的多孔结构和最高的内化量有关。相比之下，COM-50 nm和COM-200 nm晶体由于聚集严重，失去了小尺寸效应，对细胞的毒性减弱。COM-3 μ m和COM-10 μ m晶体太大，细胞无法完全内化；这些晶体还表现出较低的比表面积，从而减弱了它们的毒性。细胞内ROS的过度表达和自由基清除剂SOD的减少是细胞损伤的主要原因，最终导致坏死细胞死亡。COM晶体的大小、表面结构、聚集和内化量与细胞毒性密切相关。
Urinary crystals in normal and kidney stone patients often differ in crystal sizes and surface structures, but the effects of different crystal properties on renal tubular epithelial cells remain unclear. This study aimed to compare the cytotoxicity of micron/nano-calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) crystals with sizes of 50 nm, 200 nm, 1 mu m, 3 mu m, and 10 mu m to African green monkey renal epithelial (Vero) cells, to reveal the effect of crystal size and surface structure on cell injury, and to investigate the pathological mechanism of calcium oxalate kidney stones. Cell viability, cellular biochemical parameters, and internalized crystal amount in Vero cells were closely associated with the size of COM crystals. At the same concentration (200 mu g/mL), COM-1 mu m induced the most serious injury to Vero cells and caused the most significant change to cellular biochemical parameters, which were related to the specific porous structure and highest internalized amount in Vero cells. By contrast, COM-50 nm and COM-200 nm crystals lost their small size effect because of serious aggregation and weakened their toxicity to cells. COM-3 mu m and COM-10 mu m crystals were too large for cells to completely internalize; these crystals also exhibited a low specific surface area and thus weakened their toxicity. The excessive expression of intracellular ROS and reduction of the free-radical scavenger SOD were the main reasons for cell injury and eventually caused necrotic cell death. Crystal size, surface structure, aggregation, and internalization amount were closely related to the cytotoxicity of COM crystals.