The non-mammalian MIF superfamily.
The non-mammalian MIF superfamily.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.imbio.2016.10.006
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发表时间：
2017-03
期刊：
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Stijlemans B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sparkes A;De Baetselier P;Roelants K;De Trez C;Magez S;Van Ginderachter JA;Raes G;Bucala R;Stijlemans B
巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子 (MIF) 于 50 年前首次被描述为一种细胞因子，在哺乳动物中作为一种多效性蛋白出现，具有促炎、趋化和促进生长的活性。此外，MIF 作为先天性和适应性免疫反应的关键上游介质以及在多种疾病中的病理作用而受到广泛关注。对于哺乳动物来说，不太重要的是一种内在的、非生理性的酶活性，它表明 MIF 是从一种古老的防御分子进化而来的。因此，毫不奇怪的是，在一系列不同的生物体中也发现了类mif基因，包括细菌、植物、原生动物、蠕虫、软体动物、节肢动物、鱼类、两栖动物和鸟类。虽然 Genebank 分析对跨物种的 MIF 样基因进行了广泛的识别，但本文包含对经过最充分实验研究的非哺乳动物 MIF 样蛋白的概述。对于许多这样的生物体，MIF 有助于先天防御系统或在发育中发挥作用。然而，对于寄生生物，MIF 似乎充当毒力因子，通过调节宿主免疫反应来帮助感染的建立或持续。因此，针对寄生虫和宿主 MIF 的联合靶向可能会为具有社会经济重要性的寄生虫病带来更有效的治疗策略。
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was first described as a cytokine 50 years ago, and emerged in mammals as a pleiotropic protein with pro-inflammatory, chemotactic, and growth-promoting activities. In addition, MIF has gained substantial attention as a pivotal upstream mediator of innate and adaptive immune responses and with pathologic roles in several diseases. Of less importance in mammals is an intrinsic but non-physiologic enzymatic activity that points to MIF's evolution from an ancient defense molecule. Therefore, it is not surprising that mif-like genes also have been found across a range of different organisms including bacteria, plants, protozoa, helminths, molluscs, arthropods, fish, amphibians and birds. While Genebank analysis identifying mif-like genes across species is extensive, contained herein is an overview of the non-mammalian MIF-like proteins that have been most well studied experimentally. For many of these organisms, MIF contributes to an innate defense system or plays a role in development. For parasitic organisms however, MIF appears to function as a virulence factor aiding in the establishment or persistence of infection by modulating the host immune response. Consequently, a combined targeting of both parasitic and host MIF could lead to more effective treatment strategies for parasitic diseases of socioeconomic importance.