Subglacial flood path development during a rapidly rising jökulhlaup from the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland
Subglacial flood path development during a rapidly rising jökulhlaup from the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland
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冰岛瓦特纳冰原西斯卡夫塔火山快速上升的冰峰期间，冰下洪水路径的发展
DOI：
10.1017/jog.2017.33
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
T. Zwinger
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Einarsson;T. Jóhannesson;T. Thorsteinsson;E. Gaidos;T. Zwinger
摘要2006年9月，在一次快速上升的冰川爆发洪水（jökulhlaup）期间，对冰岛瓦特纳冰川西部斯卡夫塔坩埚的斯卡夫塔河的流量和水温进行了测量，并对冰下湖的冰的下降进行了测量。从这些数据中得出了湖泊的流出量，冰川终点的洪水排放量和jökulhlaup期间的瞬时冰下洪水量。约库尔劳普最初的冰下路径长达40公里，主要是由于水压力超过冰覆盖层压力而导致上覆冰的抬升和变形而形成的。冰下湖洪水的热量和水流中势能耗散产生的摩擦热导致的冰融化所起的作用较小。因此，这一事件，像其他迅速上升的jökulhlaups，不能解释的jökulhlaup理论的奈（1976年）。相反，我们的观察表明，它们可以解释为一个耦合的冰下片导管机制，基本上所有的初始洪水路径形成为一个表的冰下压力波的传播。
ABSTRACT Discharge and water temperature measurements in the Skaftá river and measurements of the lowering of the ice over the subglacial lake at the western Skaftá cauldron, Vatnajökull, Iceland, were made during a rapidly rising glacial outburst flood (jökulhlaup) in September 2006. Outflow from the lake, flood discharge at the glacier terminus and the transient subglacial volume of floodwater during the jökulhlaup are derived from these data. The 40 km long initial subglacial path of the jökulhlaup was mainly formed by lifting and deformation of the overlying ice, induced by water pressure in excess of the ice overburden pressure. Melting of ice due to the heat of the floodwater from the subglacial lake and frictional heat generated by the dissipation of potential energy in the flow played a smaller role. Therefore this event, like other rapidly rising jökulhlaups, cannot be explained by the jökulhlaup theory of Nye (1976). Instead, our observations indicate that they can be explained by a coupled subglacial-sheet–conduit mechanism where essentially all of the initial flood path is formed as a sheet by the propagation of a subglacial pressure wave.
影响因子：
18.3
作者：
Doyle, Samuel H.;Hubbard, Alun;Hubbard, Bryn
通讯作者：
Hubbard, Bryn