Dynamic bus substitution strategy for bunching intervention
Dynamic bus substitution strategy for bunching intervention
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DOI：
10.1016/j.trb.2018.06.001
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发表时间：
2018-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Petit;Y. Ouyang;C. Lei
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Petit;Y. Ouyang;C. Lei
公交车间隔通常易受外部干扰（例如，由于交通拥挤、乘客到达集中和特殊乘客需求），这在系统中产生了最终发展成聚集的间隙。虽然已经实施了许多控制策略，例如静态和动态等待策略，以减轻不可靠的公交时刻表的影响，但大多数控制策略都会增加乘客的停留时间。在本文中，我们调查的潜力，目前实施的一些交通机构在一个特设的方式替代巴士替代战略。在这一战略中，该机构部署了一个备用巴士车队，接替任何早班车或晚班车的服务，以遏制偏离时间表的情况，目的是对车上乘客施加最低限度的处罚。我们开发了一个离散时间无限时域近似动态规划方法，以找到最佳的政策，以尽量减少总代理和乘客的成本。通过算例表明，通过定期插入备用公交车作为替代，可以控制调度偏差。在一些实施方案中，所提出的策略具有实现与一些最先进的策略相当的性能的潜力，并且优于传统的基于松弛的调度控制方案。鉴于与自动驾驶相关的新兴机遇，由于备用巴士车队的成本降低，拟议战略的性能可能会变得更加强大。
Bus headways are typically susceptible to external disturbances (e.g., due to traffic congestion, clustered passenger arrivals, and special passenger needs), which create gaps in the system that grow eventually into bunching. Although many control strategies, such as static and dynamic holding strategies, have been implemented to mitigate the effects of unreliable bus schedules, most of them would impose longer dwell times on the passengers. In this paper, we investigate the potential of an alternative bus substitution strategy that is currently implemented by some transit agencies in an ad-hoc manner. In this strategy, the agency deploys a fleet of standby buses to take over service from any early or late buses so as to contain deviations from schedule, and the intention is to impose minimum penalties on the onboard passengers. We develop a discrete-time infinite-horizon approximate dynamic programming approach to find the optimal policy to minimize the overall agency and passenger costs. It is shown through numerical examples that schedule deviations can be controlled by regularly inserting standby buses as substitutions. In some implementation scenarios, the proposed strategy holds the potential to achieve comparable performance with some of the most advanced strategies, and to outperform the conventional slack-based schedule control scheme. In light of the emerging opportunities associated with autonomous driving, the performance of the proposed strategy can become even stronger due to the reduction in costs for keeping the fleet of standby buses.