Complex global governance and domestic policies: four pathways of influence
Complex global governance and domestic policies: four pathways of influence
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1468-2346.2012.01090.x
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Cashore, Benjamin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bernstein, Steven;Cashore, Benjamin
关于国际环境治理的标准工作采取单一问题的制度，具有约束性的义务，旨在规范国家的行为。然而，许多最紧迫的全球环境问题，包括气候变化、森林退化和生物多样性丧失，都受到一系列机制的制约，包括法律的、非法律的、政府的和非政府的以及复杂的安排。审查这些国际和跨国努力对国内或坚定的政策和做法的综合影响这种努力的通常目标需要扩大对政权遵守和有效性的关注，以影响来自国家边界以外的因素。为了促进这一举措，两位作者开发了一个框架，区分了行为者和机构影响国内政策的四条不同路径：国际规则；国际规范和话语；创造市场或干预市场；以及直接进入国内政策进程。然后根据行为者和机构影响每条道路上的国内和坚定政策和做法的条件和过程来提出建议。该框架被应用于森林治理的案例，这是复杂的全球环境治理的典型例子。
Standard works on international environmental governance assume single-issue regimes with binding obligations designed to govern the behaviour of states. Yet many of the most pressing global environmental problems, including climate change, forest degradation and biodiversity loss, are governed by an array of mechanismslegal, non-legal, governmental and non-governmentalin complex arrangements. Examining the combined effects of these international and transnational efforts on domestic or firm policies and practicesthe usual targets of such effortsrequires expanding a focus on regime compliance and effectiveness to influence factors from beyond state borders. To facilitate such a move, the authors develop a framework that distinguishes four distinct pathways through which actors and institutions influence domestic policies: international rules; international norms and discourse; creation of, or interventions in, markets; and direct access to domestic policy processes. Propositions are then developed on the conditions under which, and processes through which, actors and institutions affect domestic and firm policies and practices along each pathway. The framework is applied to the case of forest governance, a prototypical example of complex global environmental governance.