Adaptation and Evolution in Heliconius: A Defense of NeoDarwinism
Adaptation and Evolution in Heliconius: A Defense of NeoDarwinism
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Heliconius的适应与进化：新达尔文主义的辩护
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发表时间：
1981
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通讯作者：
J. Turner
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作者：
J. Turner
新达尔文进化论（或“现代综合论”）可能无法解释长期的进化。特别是，有人认为它既不能解释化石记录中的不连续性[见最近在芝加哥举行的会议的报告（68，71 a）]，也不能解释复杂的、综合的适应性的起源（49，90）。为了研究这些问题，我们必须找到一个小组，在这个小组中，我们可以研究当今种群的遗传学和生态学，以及尽可能长时间的进化趋势：在缺乏具有多线染色体的拟果蝇蜗牛和大量化石记录的情况下，在分子进化学家能够解决哪些氨基酸取代是选择性的，哪些是中性的争议之前，我们必须用那些只具有某些必需特性的生物体来做。对夏威夷果蝇的广泛研究是众所周知的，但还没有直接解决这里提出的问题;然而，一项优雅的研究（34）表明，在大约8000年的时间里，（如半透明的贝壳所揭示的）可以很好地解释为：（a）已知温度对当今种群中的形式起作用的选择性作用，和（B）独立已知的波动的英国气候在这段时间。在蝶属（Heliconius）、西番莲蝶或西番莲藤蝶中，我们也可以研究这些问题，因为我们综合了它们的适应性、生态学、遗传学和繁殖学以及它们生活的南美雨林历史的知识，使我们能够弥合种群遗传学和长期进化之间的差距。在这篇评论中，我解决了pri
The neoDarwinian theory of evolution (or "modem synthesis") may not explain evolution in the long term. In particular, it has been suggested that it explains neither the discontinuities in the fossil record [see reports on the recent conference in Chicago (68, 71a)], nor the origin of complex, integrated adaptations (49, 90). To study such matters we must find a group in which we can investigate the genetics and ecology of present day populations, as well as evolutionary trends extending over as long a period as possible: In the absence of a mimetic drosophiloid snail with polytene chromosomes and an extensive fossil record, and until molecular evolutionists can resolve the controversy over just which amino acid substitutions are selected and which are neutral, we must make do with organisms that have only some of the required properties. The extensive study of the Hawaiian Drosophila is well known, but has not yet directly addressed the question posed here; however, an elegant study (34) showed that changes over a period of around 8000 years in populations of the snail Cepaea (as revealed by semi-fossilized shells) could be well accounted for by (a) the selective effects of temperature known to act on the forms in present day populations, and (b) the independently known fluctuations of the British climate during that time. In the genus Heliconius, the passion flower or passion vine butterflies, we can also investigate such matters, for our combined knowledge of their adaptation, ecology, genetics, and phylogeny and of the history of the South American rain forests where they live allows us to bridge the gap between population genetics and long-term evolution. In this review, I address pri