Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Lifespan Cognitive Development.
Fuzzy-Trace Theory and Lifespan Cognitive Development.
复制标题
模糊跟踪理论和寿命认知发展。
DOI：
10.1016/j.dr.2015.07.006
复制
发表时间：
2015-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reyna VF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brainerd CJ;Reyna VF
模糊痕迹理论强调使用核心理论原则，如动词-主旨区分，来预测从其他理论或常识的角度来看是违反直觉的关于认知发展的新发现。在某种程度上，这种预测得到证实，解释的现象范围扩大，而不会增加理论假设的复杂性。我们研究了在认知发展的四个时期：儿童期，青春期，青年期和成年后期的最近的例子，这样的预测。在前两个阶段，特征预测是错误记忆（童年）和冒险决策（青春期）中令人惊讶的发展逆转。在年轻的成年期，FTT预测，在记忆的双过程理论中占据中心地位的检索操作，即回忆，是双变量而不是单变量的。在成年后期，FTT确定了一种检索操作，即重建，这在目前关于衰老中正常记忆下降和痴呆症中病理性下降的理论中被忽略了。该理论预测，重建是这种下降的主要因素，并且能够预测未来的痴呆症。
Fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) emphasizes the use of core theoretical principles, such as the verbatim-gist distinction, to predict new findings about cognitive development that are counterintuitive from the perspective of other theories or of common-sense. To the extent that such predictions are confirmed, the range of phenomena that are explained expands without increasing the complexity of the theory's assumptions. We examine research on recent examples of such predictions during four epochs of cognitive development: childhood, adolescence, young adulthood, and late adulthood. During the first two, the featured predictions are surprising developmental reversals in false memory (childhood) and in risky decision making (adolescence). During young adulthood, FTT predicts that a retrieval operation that figures centrally in dual-process theories of memory, recollection, is bivariate rather than univariate. During the late adulthood, FTT identifies a retrieval operation, reconstruction, that has been omitted from current theories of normal memory declines in aging and pathological declines in dementia. The theory predicts that reconstruction is a major factor in such declines and that it is able to forecast future dementia.