Assessing Hair Decontamination Protocols for Diazepam, Heroin, Cocaine and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by Statistical Design of Experiments
Assessing Hair Decontamination Protocols for Diazepam, Heroin, Cocaine and Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol by Statistical Design of Experiments
复制标题
通过实验统计设计评估地西泮、海洛因、可卡因和 α9-四氢大麻酚的头发净化方案
DOI：
10.1093/jat/bkaa110
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
DeCaprio, Anthony P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aijala, Jennett Chenevert;Wu, Wensong;DeCaprio, Anthony P
在进行毒理学分析之前，作为基质的毛发需要采取预处理措施，包括去污、均质化和萃取。进行去污以区分从表面沉积中存在的药物和从摄入后的全身分布中掺入的药物。有许多方法用于头发样品的去污，大多数是通过经验性地使用传统的“一次一个因素”的方法开发的，其中一次改变一个自变量以观察对因变量的影响。本工作的目标是比较去污协议的功效，使用统计“实验设计”（DoE），它允许在一个单一的实验中的多个变量和相互作用的分析。去污参数包括水性和有机洗涤溶液的标识、连续水性和有机洗涤的次数、水性和有机洗涤的顺序以及每次洗涤的持续时间。能源部完成了研究，以确定四种具有不同理化特性的滥用药物的最佳去污条件。为此，将不含药物的人发用地西泮、海洛因、可卡因或Δ9-四氢大麻酚进行外部污染。发现每种分析物都有一套独特的最有效的去污条件。这些包括地西泮用甲醇洗涤3次30分钟，然后用1%十二烷基硫钠洗涤3次，海洛因用二氯甲烷洗涤3次30分钟，然后用水洗涤1次，可卡因用1%十二烷基硫酸钠洗涤1次30分钟，然后用二氯甲烷洗涤3次，Δ9-四氢大麻酚用水洗涤3次30分钟，然后用甲醇洗涤1次。结果提供了一个能源部的方法，以确定有效的参数，头发去污的物理化学不同的药物组的原则证明。DoE的主要优点是阐明导致有效去除表面污染的参数组合，这是一个使用一次一个因素的方法难以实现的目标。
Prior to toxicological analysis, hair as a matrix requires pre-treatment measures including decontamination, homogenization and extraction. Decontamination is performed to differentiate between drug present from superficial deposition and drug incorporated from systemic distribution following ingestion. There are many methods for decontamination of hair samples, mostly developed by empirically using a traditional “one factor at a time” approach, in which one independent variable at a time is changed to observe the effect on the dependent variable. The goal of the present work was to compare the efficacy of decontamination protocols using statistical “design of experiments” (DoE), which allows for analysis of multiple variables and interactions within a single experiment. Decontamination parameters included identity of aqueous and organic wash solutions, number of sequential aqueous and organic washes, order of aqueous and organic washes, and duration of each wash. DoE studies were completed to identify optimal decontamination conditions for four abused drugs with varying physiochemical properties. For this purpose, drug-free human hair was externally contaminated with diazepam, heroin, cocaine or Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. Each analyte was found to have a unique set of decontamination conditions that were most effective. These included three 30-min washes with methanol followed by three with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfide for diazepam, three 30-s washes with dichloromethane followed by one with water for heroin, one 30-s wash with 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by three with dichloromethane for cocaine and three 30-min washes with water followed by one with methanol for Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The results provide proof-of-principle for a DoE approach to identify effective parameters for hair decontamination for a physicochemically diverse group of drugs. The major advantage of DoE is to elucidate combinations of parameters that result in effective removal of surface contamination, a goal that would be challenging to accomplish using a one factor at a time approach.