Optimizing Performance, Health, and Well-being: Nutritional Factors.
Optimizing Performance, Health, and Well-being: Nutritional Factors.
复制标题
优化表现、健康和福祉：营养因素。
作者：
J. Mcclung;E. Gaffney
营养对于保持战士的最佳健康和表现至关重要。本综述将重点介绍女性战士关注的一系列营养素。将审查生物功能、饮食来源和要求，并为妇女在战斗中的作用提供建议。铁是身体和认知能力所必需的，对于女性战士来说至关重要，因为与男性战士相比，女性战士的饮食需求量更高，并且铁状态可能会因身体活动（如军事训练）而下降。钙和维生素D对骨骼健康至关重要，应在预防应力性骨折的努力中加以考虑，与男性相比，女性战士发生应力性骨折的频率更高。叶酸是预防怀孕和怀孕期间神经管缺陷的必需品，对于女性战士来说至关重要，因为怀孕前饮食需求增加。提供最佳水平的这些营养素将有助于妇女准备在战斗中服役。
Nutrition is essential for maintaining peak health and performance of Warfighters. This review will focus on a series of nutrients of concern for female Warfighters. Biological function, dietary sources, and requirements will be reviewed, and recommendations for women in combat roles will be provided. Iron, essential for physical and cognitive performance, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements as compared to male Warfighters, as well as declines in iron status that may occur in response to physical activities, such as military training. Calcium and vitamin D are essential for bone health, and should be considered in efforts to prevent stress fractures, which occur with greater frequency in female Warfighters as compared to their male counterparts. Folate, essential for the prevention of neural tube defects during pregnancy and gestation, is critical for female Warfighters because of elevated dietary requirements before pregnancy. Providing optimal levels of these nutrients will facilitate readiness as women prepare to serve in combat roles.