The Malpighian tubule: Rapid insights from post-genomic biology
The Malpighian tubule: Rapid insights from post-genomic biology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jinsphys.2005.10.007
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发表时间：
2006-04-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Davies, Shireen A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dow, Julian A. T.;Davies, Shireen A.
良好的呼吸调节对昆虫的成功至关重要，而马氏管在呼吸调节中起着关键作用。最近，遗传学和基因组学在果蝇小管中的应用揭示了比离子和水运输更广泛的作用。微阵列分析表明，有机溶质转运蛋白占主导地位的小管转录组。因此，肾小管具有主动排泄最广泛的有机溶质和外源性物质的能力。这种转运蛋白可以对整个组织产生意想不到的紧急作用;例如，小管对哇巴因具有高度抗性，不是因为Na+，K+ ATP酶不重要，而是因为它与有效的生物碱排泄机制共定位。为了加强这种排泄作用，肾小管表达非常高水平的特定细胞色素P450、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶和乙醇脱氢酶，这表明肾小管在内源性溶质和外源性物质（如杀虫剂）的代谢和解毒中起主要作用。此外，小管在免疫中起重要作用;小管能够感测细菌挑战，并通过分泌抗菌肽产生有效的杀伤反应，完全独立于典型的免疫组织脂肪体。肾小管也被证明是一些人类肾脏疾病的良好模型，并作为哺乳动物基因的器官型“试验床”。因此，微管作为昆虫中一个具有意想不到的广泛功能的关键组织的声誉大大提高。(c)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Good osmoregulation is critical to the success of insects, and the Malpighian tubules play a key role in osmoregulation. Recently, the application of genetics and genomics to the Drosophila tubule has revealed far more extensive roles than ion and water transport. Microarray analysis shows that organic solute transporters dominate the tubule transcriptome. The tubule thus has the capability to excrete actively the broadest range of organic solutes and xenobiotics. Such transporters can produce unexpected, emergent roles for the whole tissue; e.g. the tubule is highly resistant to ouabain not because the Na+, K+ ATPase is unimportant, but because it co-localises with a potent alkaloid excretory mechanism. Reinforcing this role in excretion, the tubule expresses very high levels of a particular cytochrome P450 s, glutathione-S-transferases and alchohol dehydrogenases which suggest that the tubule plays a major role in metabolism and detoxification of both endogenous solutes and xenobiotics, such as insecticides. Additionally, the tubule plays a significant role in immunity; tubules are capable of sensing bacterial challenge, and mounting an effective killing response by secretion of antimicrobial peptides, entirely independent of the fat body, the canonical immune tissue. The tubule has also proved to be a good model for some human renal disease, and to act as an organotypic 'testbed' for mammalian genes. The tubule can thus bask in a greatly enhanced reputation as a key tissue for an unexpectedly wide range of functions in the insect. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.