Generic Air‐Gen Effect in Nanoporous Materials for Sustainable Energy Harvesting from Air Humidity
Generic Air‐Gen Effect in Nanoporous Materials for Sustainable Energy Harvesting from Air Humidity
复制标题
纳米多孔材料中的通用空气-发电机效应，用于从空气湿度中可持续收集能量
DOI：
10.1002/adma.202300748
复制
发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
29.4
通讯作者：
Yao, Jun
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Xiaomeng;Gao, Hongyan;Sun, Lu;Yao, Jun
空气湿度是一个巨大的，可持续的能源库，与太阳能和风能不同，它是持续可用的。然而，先前描述的用于从空气湿度中收集能量的技术要么不是连续的，要么需要独特的材料合成或处理，这阻碍了可扩展性和广泛部署。在这里，报告了从空气湿度中连续收集能量的一般效果，其可应用于广泛的无机，有机和生物材料。这些材料的共同特点是，它们被设计成具有适当的纳米孔，以允许空气水通过并在多孔界面处进行动态吸附-解吸交换，从而导致表面充电。在薄膜器件结构中，顶部暴露的界面比底部密封的界面更多地经历这种动态相互作用，从而产生用于连续电输出的自发和持续的充电梯度。对材料特性和电输出的分析导致了一个“漏电容器”模型，该模型可以描述如何收集电力，并预测与实验一致的电流行为。从模型的预测指导制造由不同材料的异质结制成的设备，以进一步扩大设备类别。这项工作为广泛探索可持续的空气发电打开了一扇大门。
Air humidity is a vast, sustainable reservoir of energy that, unlike solar and wind, is continuously available. However, previously described technologies for harvesting energy from air humidity are either not continuous or require unique material synthesis or processing, which has stymied scalability and broad deployment. Here, a generic effect for continuous energy harvesting from air humidity is reported, which can be applied to a broad range of inorganic, organic, and biological materials. The common feature of these materials is that they are engineered with appropriate nanopores to allow air water to pass through and undergo dynamic adsorption–desorption exchange at the porous interface, resulting in surface charging. The top exposed interface experiences this dynamic interaction more than the bottom sealed interface in a thin‐film device structure, yielding a spontaneous and sustained charging gradient for continuous electric output. Analyses of material properties and electric outputs lead to a “leaky capacitor” model that can describe how electricity is harvested and predict current behaviors consistent with experiments. Predictions from the model guide the fabrication of devices made from heterogeneous junctions of different materials to further expand the device category. The work opens a wide door for the broad exploration of sustainable electricity from air.