Nestling growth rate and food consumption increases under experimentally prolonged daylength in a New World sparrow
Nestling growth rate and food consumption increases under experimentally prolonged daylength in a New World sparrow
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DOI：
10.1111/jav.03113
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发表时间：
2023-08-16
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
Fudickar，Adam M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Byrd，Allison J.;Mullins，Colleen S.;Fudickar，Adam M.
在评估鸟类繁殖时，生活史理论检查了父母努力，后代数量和大小以及雏鸟发育速度之间的权衡。生长速度和身体大小的发展中的鸟类在地理上有所不同，可以与纬度和迁徙策略分歧。就后代大小而言，由于天气事件、捕食压力、食物供应、巢友数量和父母供给的相关影响，相同或相似物种的雏鸟的生长率可能会发生偏差。此外，一个较长的光周期的物种筑巢在较高的纬度增加了持续时间，雏鸟可以养活每一天，增加雏鸟供应已呈正相关的增长率。鸟类在发育过程中被喂食的时间是否会导致这种生长速度和形态的变化尚不清楚。通过去除补充的环境压力因素（例如天气，捕食）和标准化的喂养率和环境，我们探讨了每天的雏鸟供应时间对黑眼JuncoJunco hyemalisnestlings的影响。我们人工饲养了65只久坐的junco亚种的小鸡。H. carolinensisunder两者的自然光周期和一个密切相关的迁移亚种的较长的光周期J. H. hyemalisand比较了生长速度，质量，形态和食物消耗量。平均生长率，禁食质量，翅长和每日总食物消耗量都更大的手饲养的鸟类下更长，更北方光周期的治疗。这些研究结果表明，在高纬度地区增加每日光周期可能会允许更大的总食物供应，从而可能发挥作用的能力，在压缩繁殖季节的父母产生高质量的后代。这表明在低纬度（较短的光周期）种群中，供给努力和雏鸟生长速率之间存在权衡，并指出发育可塑性对生长速率和形态的重要作用。
When evaluating avian reproduction, life history theory examines the trade‐offs between parental effort, the number and size of offspring, and the rate of nestling development. The growth rates and body sizes of developing birds vary geographically and can diverge with both latitude and migratory strategy. In terms of offspring size, growth rate can deviate in nestlings of the same or similar species due to the correlated influences of weather events, predation pressure, food availability, number of nestmates and parental provisioning. Furthermore, a longer photoperiod for species nesting at higher latitudes increases the duration over which a nestling can be fed each day, and increased nestling provisioning has been positively correlated with growth rate. Whether the amount of time a bird is fed during development drives this variation in growth rate and morphology is unknown. By removing supplemental environmental stressors (e.g. weather, predation) and standardizing feeding rate and environment, we explored the influence of daily duration of nestling provisioning on dark‐eyed juncoJunco hyemalisnestlings. We hand‐reared 65 chicks of a sedentary junco subspeciesJ. h. carolinensisunder both their natural photoperiod and the longer photoperiod of a closely related migratory subspeciesJ. h. hyemalisand compared growth rate, mass, morphology and the amount of food consumed. Average growth rate, fasted mass, wing length and total daily food consumption were all greater in birds hand‐reared under the longer, more northern photoperiod treatment. These findings suggest that increased daily photoperiod at higher latitudes may allow for greater total food provisioning and thus may play a role in the ability of parents in compressed breeding seasons to produce high quality offspring. This points to a trade‐off between provisioning effort and nestling growth rate in lower latitude (shorter photoperiod) populations and points to an important role of developmental plasticity on growth rate and morphology.