Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole landscape.
Signatures of human impact: size distributions and spatial organization of wetlands in the Prairie Pothole landscape.
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人类影响的特征：草原坑洞景观中湿地的大小分布和空间组织。
DOI：
10.1890/14-0662.1
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Basu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
K. V. Van Meter;N. Basu
在过去的200年里，全球50%以上的湿地面积已经丧失，导致栖息地和物种多样性的丧失，以及水文和生物地球化学功能的降低。近几十年来，由于认识到湿地损失的严重性以及湿地提供的各种生态系统服务，湿地恢复问题日益受到重视。然而，恢复活动往往以特别的方式进行，重点放在最大化恢复的总面积上，而不是放在湿地网络的其他空间属性上，这些属性不太为人所知。在这项研究中，我们利用高分辨率激光雷达数据，研究了人类活动如何改变得梅因海峡草原凹坑地区湿地的大小分布和空间组织。我们的结果表明，除了普遍接受的90%的洼地湿地面积损失外，较小的湿地也出现了优先损失，湿地大小与频率之间的历史幂定律关系发生了显著变化，导致湿地大小分布的均质性。此外，我们的结果显示，周长与面积的比率显著降低，湿地之间的平均距离增加，特别是较小湿地之间的平均距离增加，当前湿地位于高地地区的可能性降低。这种损失模式可能导致生态系统服务的不成比例的损失，因为发现周长与面积比较大的较小湿地提供更高的生物地球化学处理和地下水补给率，而湿地之间增加的平均距离阻碍物种迁徙，从而对生物多样性产生负面影响。这些结果表明，有必要引导恢复努力，以了解和重建历史湿地的大小分布和空间组织，而不是主要关注总体面积的增加。
More than 50% of global wetland area has been lost over the last 200 years, resulting in losses of habitat and species diversity as well as decreased hydrologic and biogeochemical functionality. Recognition of the magnitude of wetland loss as well as the wide variety of ecosystem services provided by wetlands has in recent decades led to an increased focus on wetland restoration. Restoration activities, however, often proceed in an ad hoc manner, with a focus on maximizing the total restored area rather than on other spatial attributes of the wetland network, which are less well understood. In this study, we have addressed the question of how human activities have altered the size distribution and spatial organization of wetlands over the Prairie Pothole Region of the Des Moines Lobe using high- resolution LIDAR data. Our results show that as well as the generally accepted 90% loss of depressional wetland area, there has been a preferential loss of smaller wetlands, with a marked alteration of the historical power-law relationship observed between wetland size and frequency and a resulting homogenization of the wetland size distribution. In addition, our results show significant decreases in perimeter-to-area ratios, increased mean distances between wetlands, particularly between smaller wetlands, and a reduced likelihood that current wetlands will, be located in upland areas. Such patterns of loss can lead to disproportionate losses of ecosystem services, as smaller wetlands with larger perimeter-to- area ratios have been found to provide higher rates of biogeochemical processing and groundwater recharge, while increased mean distances between wetlands hinder species migration and thus negatively impact biodiversity. These results suggest the need to gear restoration efforts toward understanding and recreating the size distribution and spatial organization of historical wetlands, rather than focusing primarily on an increase in overall area.
规模确实很重要：城市规模和三个沿海城镇气候变化适应的不对称性
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Paterson S
通讯作者：
Paterson S