Does the Gut Microbiota Modulate Host Physiology through Polymicrobial Biofilms?
Does the Gut Microbiota Modulate Host Physiology through Polymicrobial Biofilms?
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DOI：
10.1264/jsme2.me20037
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Fukuda S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yang J;Yang Y;Ishii M;Nagata M;Aw W;Obana N;Tomita M;Nomura N;Fukuda S
微生物生活在各种环境中，如土壤、水环境、植物和动物。人类在胃肠道中有一个复杂的共生微生物群落，被称为肠道微生物群。肠道菌群不仅参与人体的各种代谢过程，而且在宿主免疫反应中起着至关重要的作用。肠道微生物栖息在肠上皮表面形成多微生物生物膜。近十年来，肠道微生物生物膜及肠道菌群衍生产物如代谢物、细菌膜囊泡等不仅直接影响宿主肠道环境，而且间接影响宿主健康的研究被广泛报道。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了人类和动物研究中关于肠道微生物群与宿主之间相互作用的最新发现，以及它们与各种疾病的关系，包括炎症性疾病、特应性皮炎、代谢疾病、精神和神经疾病。代谢基因组学与生物膜成像的综合方法可能为肠道微生物群提供有价值的见解，并提出可能导致更健康社会的补救措施。
Microbes inhabit various environments, such as soil, water environments, plants, and animals. Humans harbor a complex commensal microbial community in the gastrointestinal tract, which is known as the gut microbiota. The gut microbiota participates not only in various metabolic processes in the human body, it also plays a critical role in host immune responses. Gut microbes that inhabit the intestinal epithelial surface form polymicrobial biofilms. In the last decade, it has been widely reported that gut microbial biofilms and gut microbiota-derived products, such as metabolites and bacterial membrane vesicles, not only directly affect the host intestinal environment, but also indirectly influence the health of the host. In this review, we discuss the most recent findings from human and animal studies on the interactions between the gut microbiota and hosts, and their associations with various disorders, including inflammatory diseases, atopic dermatitis, metabolic disorders, and psychiatric and neurological diseases. The integrated approach of metabologenomics together with biofilm imaging may provide valuable insights into the gut microbiota and suggest remedies that may lead to a healthier society.