Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves
Governance and the mangrove commons: Advancing the cross-scale, nested framework for the global conservation and wise use of mangroves
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治理和红树林公域：推进全球红树林保护和明智利用的跨尺度、嵌套框架
DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114823
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发表时间：
2022
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Angelini, Christine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Walker, Julie E;Ankersen, Thomas;Barchiesi, Stefano;Meyer, Courtney K;Altieri, Andrew H;Osborne, Todd Z;Angelini, Christine
红树林提供关键的生态系统服务，为全球渔业贡献约420亿美元，每年储存2550万吨碳，每年为1500多万人提供防洪保护。然而，从当地资源开发到全球气候变化等因素对红树林的威胁越来越大，据估计，在过去20年中，红树林损失了35%。由于红树林系统及其供应服务的内在特性，以及它们的跨界和泛全球性质，这些威胁难以管理。红树林由于其独特的潮间带生态位置，在国家法律的框架内往往被视为“共有资源”，使其特别容易受到开发。此外，它们通过许多跨越政治边界的生物和非生物过程形成生态联系。由于这些品质，国际、区域和地方协调的跨尺度嵌套框架对于成功维持红树林生态系统及其宝贵服务是必要的。虽然人们经常认为，要有效管理红树林等共同资源，就必须在地缘政治范围内进行协调，但对红树林的多尺度治理没有进行正式分析。在本文中，我们解决这一差距，提供了一个全面的分析，国际，区域和当地的红树林管理制度之间的相互作用，并检查的挑战和机遇，这种多尺度的治理框架。我们强调哥斯达黎加作为一个案例研究，以证明多尺度治理的普遍相关性和潜力，并探讨其下尺度的潜力。使用埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆的公地自治原则作为我们的试金石，我们确定可以在哪些方面改善现状，以提高当前框架的有效性，以应对不断变化的气候和人类需求中管理红树林衍生资源和服务的持续挑战。
Mangroves provide critical ecosystems services, contributing an estimated 42 billion US dollars to global fisheries, storing 25.5 million tons of carbon per year, and providing flood protection to over 15 million people annually. Yet, they are increasingly threatened by factors ranging from local resource exploitation to global climate change, with an estimated 35% of mangrove forests lost in the past two decades. These threats are difficult to manage due to the intrinsic characteristics of mangrove systems and their provisioning services, and their transboundary and pan-global nature. Due to their unique intertidal ecological niche, mangroves are often treated as a “common pool resource” within national legal frameworks, making them particularly susceptible to exploitation. Moreover, they form ecological connections through numerous biotic and abiotic processes that cross political boundaries. Because of these qualities a cross-scale nested framework of international, regional, and local coordination is necessary to successfully sustain mangrove ecosystems and their valuable services. Although coordination across the geopolitical spectrum is often cited as a need for effective management of common resources such as mangroves, there has been no formal analysis of mangrove multiscale governance. In this paper we address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of interactions between and within international, regional, and local mangrove management regimes and examine the challenges and opportunities such multiscale governance frameworks present. We highlight Costa Rica as a case study to demonstrate the universal relevance and potential of multi-scale governance and explore its downscale potential. Using Elinor Ostrom's principles for self-governance of the commons as our touchstone, we identify where improvements to the status quo could be implemented to increase its effectiveness of the current frameworks to meet the ongoing challenge of managing mangrove-derived resources and services in the face of a changing climate and human needs.