Temperament and the Development of Conscience: The Moderating Role of Effortful Control.
Temperament and the Development of Conscience: The Moderating Role of Effortful Control.
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气质与良心的发展：努力控制的调节作用。
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9507.2008.00491.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kelleher,Rachael
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Stifter,CynthiaA;Cipriano,Elizabeth;Conway,Anne;Kelleher,Rachael
在这项纵向研究中，我们考察了努力控制的两个组成部分，行为控制和执行功能是否调节了气质和良心发展之间的关系。参与者在两岁时对气质进行了评估，形成了三个气质组：抑制组、活跃组和低反应组。在4.5岁时，对儿童的行为控制和执行功能进行评估。道德行为、同理心电影中的情绪性和对错误信念的理解在5.5岁时被作为良心的组成部分进行测量。结果表明，受抑制的儿童可能从更高水平的努力控制中受益最大。行为控制水平较高的受抑制儿童在错误信念理解任务中表现更好，而在执行功能测试中得分较高的受抑制儿童报告对唤起电影的情绪反应较少。最后，作为一个群体，受抑制的儿童比活跃和低反应的儿童表现出更多的道德行为。
In this longitudinal study we examined whether two components of effortful control, behavioral control, and executive function moderated the relation between temperament and conscience development. Temperament was assessed when participants were two years of age, and three temperament groups were formed: inhibited, exuberant, and low reactive. At 4.5 years of age, children's behavioral control and executive function were assessed. Moral behavior, emotionality during an empathy film, and false‐belief understanding were measured at 5.5 years of age as components of conscience. Results indicate that inhibited children may benefit most from higher levels of effortful control. Inhibited children with higher levels of behavioral control performed better on false‐belief understanding tasks whereas inhibited children who scored higher on executive function tests reported less emotional response to the evocative film. Finally, as a group, inhibited children exhibited more moral behavior than exuberant and low reactive children.