Ecological indicators of mammal exposure to Ebolavirus
Ecological indicators of mammal exposure to Ebolavirus
复制标题
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2018.0337
复制
发表时间：
2019-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Schmidt;S. Maher;J. Drake;Tao Huang;M. Farrell;Barbara A. Han
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Schmidt;S. Maher;J. Drake;Tao Huang;M. Farrell;Barbara A. Han
尽管疾病暴发、病毒株和动物宿主的证据不断积累，但埃博拉病毒的许多基本生态学仍未得到解决。由于人类埃博拉病毒的流行与与蝙蝠以外的野生哺乳动物的接触有关，因此被埃博拉病毒感染的物种所共有的特征及其系统发育分布可能表明导致人类埃博拉病毒溢出的生态机制。我们汇编了哺乳动物中埃博拉病毒暴露的数据以及相应的生活史特征、运动和饮食数据，并使用增强回归树 (BRT) 来确定 119 个物种（以下简称宿主）暴露和感染的预测因素。绘制假定的埃博拉病毒宿主的系统发育分布图表明，它们分散在几个不同的哺乳动物进化枝中，但集中在旧世界果蝠、灵长类动物和偶蹄类动物中。虽然采样工作是最重要的预测因素，几乎可以解释宿主之间的变异，但 BRT 模型以超过 97% 的准确度将宿主与所有其他物种区分开来，并揭示了可能的埃博拉病毒宿主体型庞大、食果且生活史缓慢。研究结果暂时表明，一些食虫蝙蝠属、旧世界猴和森林羚羊应在埃博拉病毒调查工作中得到优先考虑。本文是主题“理解病原体溢出的动态和综合方法”的一部分。
Much of the basic ecology of Ebolavirus remains unresolved despite accumulating disease outbreaks, viral strains and evidence of animal hosts. Because human Ebolavirus epidemics have been linked to contact with wild mammals other than bats, traits shared by species that have been infected by Ebolavirus and their phylogenetic distribution could suggest ecological mechanisms contributing to human Ebolavirus spillovers. We compiled data on Ebolavirus exposure in mammals and corresponding data on life-history traits, movement, and diet, and used boosted regression trees (BRT) to identify predictors of exposure and infection for 119 species (hereafter hosts). Mapping the phylogenetic distribution of presumptive Ebolavirus hosts reveals that they are scattered across several distinct mammal clades, but concentrated among Old World fruit bats, primates and artiodactyls. While sampling effort was the most important predictor, explaining nearly as much of the variation among hosts as traits, BRT models distinguished hosts from all other species with greater than 97% accuracy, and revealed probable Ebolavirus hosts as large-bodied, frugivorous, and with slow life histories. Provisionally, results suggest that some insectivorous bat genera, Old World monkeys and forest antelopes should receive priority in Ebolavirus survey efforts. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Dynamic and integrative approaches to understanding pathogen spillover’.