Hypertension prevalence and the status of awareness, treatment, and control in the United States. Final report of the Subcommittee on Definition and Prevalence of the 1984 Joint National Committee.
Hypertension prevalence and the status of awareness, treatment, and control in the United States. Final report of the Subcommittee on Definition and Prevalence of the 1984 Joint National Committee.
复制标题
美国高血压患病率以及认识、治疗和控制状况。
作者：
L. Wilkins
由于对数据的解释和外推不同，对美国高血压患病率的估计也各不相同。1978年，国家高血压教育计划发布了一份共识文件，估计美国高血压的患病率。根据1976-1980年全国健康和营养调查（NHANES II）的结果，可以对估计数进行修订。本报告的目的是就患病率数字达成共识，并提供按血压水平、年龄、种族和性别划分的高血压分布信息。使用的患病率估计值基于高血压，定义为血压测量值大于或等于140/90 mm Hg（1次测量3个读数的平均值）或自我报告服用抗高血压药物。根据NHANES II数据，黑人的患病率高于白人（38%对29%），男性的患病率高于女性（33%对27%）。这些数据再次证实了美国人口中高血压患病率随年龄增长而增加的趋势-这对黑人，白人，男性和女性都是如此。传统上，高血压控制工作的进展是通过意识、治疗和控制状态的变化来衡量的。最近建议将高血压阈值从160/95 mmHg改为140/90 mmHg，大大降低了这些指标：高血压患者意识到自己病情的百分比从74%福尔斯到54%，服用抗高血压药物的百分比从56%福尔斯到33%，控制高血压的百分比从34%下降到11%。这些明显的下降反映了参照系的变化，而不是高血压治疗状态的变化。此外，将NHANES II（1976-1980）的高血压患病率应用于1983年人口普查局的人口数据，以估计美国高血压患者的总数及其按年龄、性别、种族和血压水平严重程度的分布。由于NHANES II的样本中不包括75岁或以上的人，因此使用老年人收缩期高血压的初步研究数据估计该年龄组的患病率。6岁以下儿童和不用药物控制血压的高血压患者的估计值不能包括在本分析中，因为缺乏关于这些群体的可靠数据。
Estimates of the prevalence of hypertension in the United States have varied owing to differences in interpretation and extrapolation of the data. In 1978 the National High Blood Pressure Education Program issued a consensus document estimating the prevalence of high blood pressure in the United States. Results from the 1976-1980 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES II) allow for a revised estimate. The purpose of this report was to arrive at consensus on a prevalence figure and also to provide information on the distribution of hypertension by blood pressure level, age, race, and sex. The prevalence estimates used are based on hypertension defined as blood pressure measurements greater than or equal to 140/90 mm Hg (average of 3 readings taken on 1 occasion) or self-reported taking of antihypertensive medication. Based on NHANES II data, blacks have a higher prevalence than whites (38% vs 29%) and men show a higher prevalence than women (33% vs 27%). These data again confirm the tendency for the prevalence of hypertension to increase with age in the U.S. population--this holds true for blacks, whites, men, and women. Progress in high blood pressure control efforts has traditionally been measured by changes in the status of awareness, treatment, and control. Changing the hypertension threshold from 160/95 to 140/90 mm Hg, as recently recommended, substantially lowers these measures: the percentage of hypertensives aware of their condition falls from 74% to 54%, the percentage taking antihypertensive medication falls from 56% to 33%, and the percentage with controlled hypertension decreases from 34% to 11%. These apparent decreases reflect a change in the frame of reference rather than changes in hypertension treatment status. In addition, hypertension prevalence rates from NHANES II (1976-1980) were applied to 1983 Bureau of the Census population figures to estimate the total number of Americans with hypertension and their distribution by age, sex, race, and severity of blood pressure level. Since NHANES II did not include persons 75 years of age or older in its sample, data from a pilot study on systolic hypertension in the elderly were used for prevalence estimates in this age group. Estimates for children under 6 years of age and hypertensive persons controlling their pressures without medication could not be included in this analysis because of a lack of reliable data on these groups.