Low-Temperature Solar Thermal Systems: An Untapped Energy Resource in the United States
Low-Temperature Solar Thermal Systems: An Untapped Energy Resource in the United States
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低温太阳能热系统：美国尚未开发的能源
DOI：
10.1115/1.1940659
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发表时间：
2005
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
J. Davidson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Davidson
适合太阳能的建筑物数量部分取决于人口密度和气候。实际的市场渗透率取决于许多因素，其中包括第一次和生命周期成本，可用性，客户偏好以及当地建筑和管道规范和标准。为了便于讨论，假设目前电热水器的市场渗透率为50%，燃气热水器的市场渗透率为20%，这是一个乐观但可实现的目标。对这些系统的平均太阳能部分的合理估计是，由太阳能提供的能量与由当前能源提供的剩余能量的部分是0.5。在这种假设的情况下，太阳能热水器将取代住宅建筑中约880亿千瓦时0.3万亿BTU的主要电力和天然气。因此，温室气体排放量将减少670万公吨碳6。如果以同样的方式处理商业水加热，则可以避免额外的500亿千瓦时0.17夸脱BTU的一次能源消耗，减少270万公吨的碳。预计的碳减排总量相当于从道路上减少700万辆乘用汽车。注意
The number of buildings appropriate for solar depends in part on population density and climate. The actual market penetration depends on many factors, including among others first and lifecycle cost, availability, customer preference, and local building and plumbing codes and standards. For the sake of argument, assume a market penetration of 50% of current electric water heaters and 20% of gas water heaters optimistic but achievable goals. A reasonable estimate of the average solar fraction of these systems the fraction of the energy provided by solar with the remainder supplied by the current energy source is 0.5. With this assumed scenario, solar water heaters would displace about 88 billion kWh 0.3 quadrillion BTU of the primary electricity and natural gas in residential buildings. The consequent reduction in greenhouse emissions would be 6.7 million metric tons of carbon 6. If commercial water heating is treated in the same manner, an additional 50 billion kWh 0.17 quadrillion BTU of primary energy consumption could be avoided with a carbon reduction of 2.7 million metric tons. The total projected carbon savings is equivalent to removing 7 million passenger cars from the road 7. Note