Intraflower variation in nectar secretion: Secretion patterns and pollinator behavior in male- and female-phase flowers.
Intraflower variation in nectar secretion: Secretion patterns and pollinator behavior in male- and female-phase flowers.
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DOI：
10.1002/ajb2.1099
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Ando Misaki;T. Itagaki;Yutaka Matsubara;S. Sakai
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ando Misaki;T. Itagaki;Yutaka Matsubara;S. Sakai
研究的前提植物分泌丰富的花蜜吸引许多传粉者访问，可能导致高频率的geitonogamous授粉。然而，花蜜量的花内变异可能会提高早期离开花或花序，减少geitonogamy。为了研究花内多个产蜜刺的适应性意义，我们将花蜜特性的花内变化与传粉者觅食行为和植物繁殖成功相关。尖萼。方法：我们调查了花蜜量和糖质量与距长的关系，以及花蜜特征的花内变化是否在雄花和雌花之间存在差异。由于男性功能需要更多的传粉者访问比女性功能，男性阶段的花预计有更大的花蜜量和更低的花蜜量的花内变化比女性阶段的花。我们使用的花内变化，作为一个指标，在花蜜特性的变化，距长度的变化影响传粉者的行为，花粉去除和种子生产。关键结果雄花期比雌花期具有更大的花蜜量和更低的花蜜量花内变异。花内距长的变化减少了大黄蜂访问的持续时间。短期访问减少了种子生产，但增加了花粉去除。结论我们的研究结果表明，花蜜生产率的高花内变异可以减少geitonogamy和潜在的增加遗传多样性的花粉接收。花内和花间的这种花蜜分泌模式可以允许花确保有效的花粉转移或高种子产量。
PREMISE OF THE STUDY Plants that secrete abundant nectar attract many pollinator visits, potentially leading to a high frequency of geitonogamous pollination. However, intraflower variation in nectar volume might enhance early departure from the flower or inflorescence, reducing geitonogamy. To examine the adaptive significance of multiple nectar-producing spurs within flowers, we related intraflower variation in nectar characteristics to pollinator foraging behavior and plant reproductive success in protandrous Aquilegia buergeriana var. oxysepala. METHODS We investigated if nectar volume and sugar mass relate to spur length and if intraflower variation in nectar characteristics differ between male- and female-phase flowers. Because male function requires more pollinator visits than female function, male-phase flowers are expected to have greater nectar volume and lower intraflower variation in nectar volume than female-phase flowers. We used intraflower variation in spur length as an indicator of variation in nectar characteristics and investigated how spur length variation affects pollinator behavior, pollen removal, and seed production. KEY RESULTS Male-phase flowers had greater nectar volume and lower intraflower variation in nectar volume than female-phase flowers. Intraflower variation in spur length reduced the duration of bumblebee visits. Short visits reduced seed production, but increased pollen removal. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that high intraflower variation in nectar production rate can reduce geitonogamy and potentially increase the genetic diversity of pollen received. Such pattern of nectar secretion within and among flowers may allow flowers to ensure effective pollen transfer or high seed production.