Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future.
Assessing environmental impacts of offshore wind farms: lessons learned and recommendations for the future.
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DOI：
10.1186/2046-9063-10-8
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Thompson PM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bailey H;Brookes KL;Thompson PM
海上风电提供了宝贵的可再生能源来源，有助于减少碳排放。技术进步使得更高容量的涡轮机可以安装在更深的水中，但对于环境的影响仍有很多未知之处。在这里，我们根据最近的文献和我们评估海上风电开发对海洋哺乳动物和海鸟影响的经验，描述了吸取的教训，并随着世界各地对海上风能兴趣的增长，为未来的监测和评估提出建议。我们讨论的四个关键经验教训是：1) 确定可能发生生物效应的区域，为基线数据收集提供信息，并确定关键人群与拟议风能站点之间的连通性；2) 需要将影响纳入人群水平背景，以确定其是否具有生物学意义；3) 衡量对风电场建设和运营的反应，以确定扰动影响和避免反应；4) 向其他行业学习，为风险评估和缓解措施的有效性提供信息。随着海上风电开发数量和规模的增加，越来越需要考虑这些活动对海洋物种的人口水平后果和累积影响。旨在回答同意过程中的问题的战略性有针对性的数据收集和建模也将使监管机构能够根据最佳可用信息做出决策，并在气候变化目标和环境立法之间实现平衡。
Offshore wind power provides a valuable source of renewable energy that can help reduce carbon emissions. Technological advances are allowing higher capacity turbines to be installed and in deeper water, but there is still much that is unknown about the effects on the environment. Here we describe the lessons learned based on the recent literature and our experience with assessing impacts of offshore wind developments on marine mammals and seabirds, and make recommendations for future monitoring and assessment as interest in offshore wind energy grows around the world. The four key lessons learned that we discuss are: 1) Identifying the area over which biological effects may occur to inform baseline data collection and determining the connectivity between key populations and proposed wind energy sites, 2) The need to put impacts into a population level context to determine whether they are biologically significant, 3) Measuring responses to wind farm construction and operation to determine disturbance effects and avoidance responses, and 4) Learn from other industries to inform risk assessments and the effectiveness of mitigation measures. As the number and size of offshore wind developments increases, there will be a growing need to consider the population level consequences and cumulative impacts of these activities on marine species. Strategically targeted data collection and modeling aimed at answering questions for the consenting process will also allow regulators to make decisions based on the best available information, and achieve a balance between climate change targets and environmental legislation.