Feeling rushed? Perceived time pressure impacts executive function and stress.
Feeling rushed? Perceived time pressure impacts executive function and stress.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103702
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发表时间：
2022-09
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
Sekuler, Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sussman, Rachel F.;Sekuler, Robert
关键词：
执行功能(EF)对日常生活至关重要，但它可能会受到压力和负面情绪等不利心理状态的破坏。例如，执行一项任务的时间不足是一种常见的压力源，可能会扰乱EF。虽然实际时间压力对EF的影响已经确定，但在没有客观时间限制的情况下，关于自我产生的、感知的时间压力(PTP)如何影响EF还知之甚少。我们选择Eriksen的侧翼任务作为认知抑制的指数，这是EF的一个关键组成部分，我们改变了连续试验之间的间隔，即试验间间隔(ITI)，以替代PTP。这种操作强烈地影响了任务绩效：缩小ITI以增加PTP，减少认知抑制，增加压力和负面情绪。随后，延长ITI以降低PTP几乎逆转了所有这些影响，除了持续存在的压力。多水平线性回归模型显示，ITI和压力对抑制有预测作用，探索性中介模型表明，压力在ITI和抑制之间起中介作用。这些发现证实了感知到的时间压力是一种经验性的压力源，并证明了EF对PTP变化的敏感性。
Executive function (EF) is critical to everyday life, but it can be undermined by adverse psychological states like stress and negative affect. For example, inadequate time to perform a task is a common stressor that can disrupt EF. Although the impact of actual time pressure on EF has been established, little is known about how self-generated, perceived time pressure (PTP) affects EF in the absence of objective time limits. We chose Eriksen’s Flanker task as an index of cognitive inhibition, a key component of EF, and we varied the interval between successive trials, the inter-trial interval (ITI), to proxy PTP. This manipulation strongly impacted task performance: shrinking the ITI to increase PTP diminished cognitive inhibition and increased both stress and negative affect. Subsequently lengthening the ITI to decrease PTP reversed nearly all of these effects, except stress, which persisted. Multilevel linear regression modeling revealed that ITI and stress predicted inhibition, and exploratory mediation modeling suggested that stress mediates the relationship between ITI and inhibition. These findings validate perceived time pressure as an empirical stressor and demonstrate EF’s sensitivity to changes in PTP.
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