HEAT‐PRODUCTION AND CROSS‐POLLINATION OF THE ASIAN SKUNK CABBAGE SYMPLOCARPUS RENIFOLIUS (ARACEAE)
HEAT‐PRODUCTION AND CROSS‐POLLINATION OF THE ASIAN SKUNK CABBAGE SYMPLOCARPUS RENIFOLIUS (ARACEAE)
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亚洲臭甘蓝（天南星科）的产热和异花授粉
DOI：
10.1002/j.1537-2197.1993.tb15233.x
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发表时间：
1993
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
S. Higashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Uemura;K. Ohkawara;G. Kudo;N. Wada;S. Higashi
亚洲臭鼬卷心菜肾叶山矾（Symplocarpus renifolius）有一个放热的肉穗花序，大约100朵花在早春开花，当时有效的授粉者如蜜蜂和雄蜂都不活跃。该种为先雌后雄，雌、雄各占6.8？SD分别为5.8天和16.7天。5.7天，分别与一个短暂的过渡阶段的双性恋（2.1？0.9天）。雌花期和两性花期的花穗24小时产热，雄花期开始后温度迅速下降。虽然自交亲和性，预计从花的结构，基向开花，并没有有效的传粉者，套袋试验表明，他们很少产生种子不杂交。在整个开花季节，少数无脊椎动物访问了这些花穗。在这些无脊椎动物中，家蝇、隐翅虫和蚊子是最有可能的传粉者，因为它们可能被雄性阶段产生的花粉和雌性阶段的恶臭或二氧化碳所吸引。在两个带有未成熟雄花的雌花穗上，我们偶然收集到一只携带花粉粒的甲虫和一只携带花粉粒的蚊子;这些花粉粒一定是从其他的S.肾叶这种不频繁和无效的授粉似乎解释了为什么在自然种群中只有13%的蜘蛛抱蛋结籽。我们研究替代假设来解释生产的热在spadices的臭鼬
The Asian skunk cabbage Symplocarpus renifolius has an exothermic spadix on which about 100 flowers bloom in very early spring when effective pollinators such as bees and drone flies are inactive. This species is protogynous; female phase and male phase took 6.8 ? SD 5.8 days and 16.7 ? 5.7 days, respectively, with a short transitional phase of bisexuality (2.1 ? 0.9 days). The spadices produced heat 24 hours/day throughout female and bisexual phases, but temperature dropped quickly after the beginning of male phase. Although self-compatibility was expected from the flower structure, the basipetal flowering, and the absence of effective pollinators, bagging tests demonstrated that they rarely produce seeds without crossing. The spadices were visited by small numbers of invertebrates throughout the flowering season. Of these invertebrates, house flies, rove beetles, and mosquitos were the likeliest pollinators, since they are probably attracted both to the pollen produced in male phase and to the stench or carbon dioxide in female phase. On two female spadices with immature male flowers, we fortuitously collected a rove beetle and a mosquito that carried some pollen grains; these had to have been transported from other S. renifolius spadices. This infrequent and ineffective pollination appears to explain why as low as 13% of spadices set seeds in a natural population. We examine alternative hypotheses to explain production of heat in spadices of skunk