Gender in climate change, agriculture, and natural resource policies: insights from East Africa
Gender in climate change, agriculture, and natural resource policies: insights from East Africa
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DOI：
10.1007/s10584-019-02447-0
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发表时间：
2020-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Jassogne, Laurence
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ampaire, Edidah L.;Acosta, Mariola;Jassogne, Laurence
1995年《北京行动纲要》承认，将性别观点纳入主流是实现两性平等的一项不可或缺的战略。自那时以来，各国政府在制定促进两性平等的政策和执行战略方面作出了重大努力。气候变化及其影响的出现继续影响农村生计，特别是粮食安全，要求加快将性别观点纳入主流的努力。有效的性别主流化要求在预算拨款的支持下，将性别问题充分纳入政策、发展计划和执行战略。这项研究分析了乌干达和坦桑尼亚农业和自然资源政策中性别融合的程度，以及在地区和更低治理级别的执行计划中如何将性别纳入预算。共审查了155份来自国家、区和县/区以下各级的政策文件、发展计划和年度行动计划。此外，还对2012/2013至2015/2016财政年度连续四个财政年度的区和县预算进行了性别分配分析。结果表明，虽然两国对性别问题的反应都在增加，但(1)性别问题仍然被解释为“妇女问题”，(2)在治理各级的性别主流化方面存在不和谐，(3)各国政府尚未完全接受性别预算编制，(3)次国家一级对性别问题的拨款仍然不一致，估计预算与实际预算之间存在巨大差异，(4)性别活动没有解决任何结构性不平等问题。我们提出了提高制定和执行促进性别平等的政策、执行计划和预算的能力的方法。
Gender mainstreaming was acknowledged as an indispensable strategy for achieving gender equality at the 1995 Beijing Platform for Action. Since then, governments have made substantial efforts in developing gender-responsive policies and implementation strategies. The advent of climate change and its effects, which have continued to impact rural livelihoods and especially food security, demands that gender mainstreaming efforts are accelerated. Effective gender mainstreaming requires that gender is sufficiently integrated in policies, development plans, and implementation strategies, supported by budgetary allocations. This study analyzes the extent of gender integration in agricultural and natural resource policies in Uganda and Tanzania, and how gender is budgeted for in implementation plans at district and lower governance levels. A total of 155 policy documents, development plans, and annual action plans from national, district, and sub-county/ward levels were reviewed. In addition, district and sub-county budgets for four consecutive financial years from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016 were analyzed for gender allocations. Results show that whereas there is increasing gender responsiveness in both countries, (i) gender issues are still interpreted as "women issues," (ii) there is disharmony in gender mainstreaming across governance levels, (iii) budgeting for gender is not yet fully embraced by governments, (iii) allocations to gender at sub-national level remain inconsistently low with sharp differences between estimated and actual budgets, and (iv) gender activities do not address any structural inequalities. We propose approaches that increase capacity to develop and execute gender-responsive policies, implementation plans, and budgets.