ASYMMETRIC AUTOCATALYSIS AND AMPLIFICATION OF ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS OF A CHIRAL MOLECULE

ASYMMETRIC AUTOCATALYSIS AND AMPLIFICATION OF ENANTIOMERIC EXCESS OF A CHIRAL MOLECULE
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DOI:
10.1038/378767a0
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发表时间:
1995-12-21
期刊:
影响因子:
64.8
通讯作者:
CHOJI, K
CHOJI, K
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
SOAI, K;SHIBATA, T;CHOJI, K

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天然氨基酸和糖的同手性仍然是生命化学起源理论的一个难题(1-18)。1953年,Frank(7)提出了一个反应方案,通过该方案,在复制手性分子的系统中,自催化和抑制的组合可以允许初始外消旋混合物中的小的随机波动,从而使平衡倾斜,几乎只产生一种对映体。在这里,我们实验表明,在化学反应中的自催化确实可以提高一个小的初始对映体过量的手性分子。当用二异丙基锌和嘧啶-5-甲醛处理具有小的(2%)对映体过量的5-嘧啶基烷醇时,其经历自催化反应以产生更多的烷醇。由于该反应涉及由初始烷醇产生的手性催化剂,并且由于催化步骤是对映选择性的,因此产物的对映体过量增强。该过程提供了一种机制,通过该机制,手性中的小的初始不平衡可以变得压倒性。
THE homochirality of natural amino acids and sugars remains a puzzle for theories of the chemical origin of life(1-18). In 1953 Frank(7) proposed a reaction scheme by which a combination of autocatalysis and inhibition in a system of replicating chiral molecules can allow small random fluctuations in an initially racemic mixture to tip the balance to yield almost exclusively one enantiomer. Here we show experimentally that autocatalysis in a chemical reaction can indeed enhance a small initial enantiomeric excess of a chiral molecule. When a 5-pyrimidyl alkanol with a small (2%) enantiomeric excess is treated with diisopropylzinc and pyrimidine-5-carboxaldehyde, it undergoes an autocatalytic reaction to generate more of the alkanol. Because the reaction involves a chiral catalyst generated from the initial alkanol, and because the catalytic step is enantioselective, the enantiomeric excess of the product is enhanced, This process provides a mechanism by which a small initial imbalance in chirality can become overwhelming.