Refer efficiently : Use less informative expressions for more predictable meanings
Refer efficiently : Use less informative expressions for more predictable meanings
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有效引用：使用信息量较少的表达方式获得更可预测的含义
DOI：
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发表时间：
2009
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Piantadosi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Harry J. Tily;S. Piantadosi
我们介绍了一项大规模网络实验的结果，该实验调查了理解者在展开的话语中猜测即将到来的指称的能力。受试者拿到了一篇在名词短语之前被剪掉的文本，并试图猜测前面提到的哪个参照物，如果有的话，接下来会提到。我们的结果表明，当理解者对即将到来的指称对象的不确定性较小时，作者更有可能使用代词或专有名称而不是完整的NP，当理解者都倾向于猜测一个或几个错误的指称对象时，作者更有可能使用人名而不是代词。这些影响超出了对指称表达类型选择的其他可能的影响。我们的研究结果支持以受话人为导向的指称形式选择的描述(例如Brennan&Clark，1996；Arnold，2008)，并表明语言是解决交际问题的合理方法：当较少的信息足以传递信息时，较短且信息量较少的表达方式更受青睐(例如Jaeger，2006；van son&Pols，2003)。
We present the results of a large-scale web experiment investigating comprehenders’ ability to guess upcoming referents in an unfolding discourse. Participants were given a text that had been cut off just before a noun phrase, and attempted to guess which previously mentioned referent, if any, would be mentioned next. Our results show that writers are more likely to refer using a pronoun or proper name rather than a full NP when comprehenders have less uncertainty about the upcoming referent, and are more likely to use names than pronouns when comprehenders all tend to makes guesses to one or a few incorrect referents. These effects hold beyond other possible influences on the choice of referring expression type. Our results support addressee-oriented accounts of referring form choice (e.g. Brennan & Clark, 1996; Arnold, 2008) and suggest that language is a rational solution to the problem of communication: shorter and less informative expressions are favoured when less information is sufficient to carry the message (e.g. Jaeger, 2006; van Son & Pols, 2003).