Academic inbreeding: exploring its characteristics and rationale in Japanese universities using a qualitative perspective
Academic inbreeding: exploring its characteristics and rationale in Japanese universities using a qualitative perspective
复制标题
DOI：
10.1007/s12564-010-9126-9
复制
发表时间：
2011-03-01
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Yonezawa, Akiyoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Horta, Hugo;Sato, Machi;Yonezawa, Akiyoshi
本研究分析了为什么以及如何学术近亲繁殖作为一种招聘做法继续流行在日本，一个国家，具有成熟的高等教育体系，在那里的高利率的学术近亲繁殖忍受在大多数研究型大学，尽管一些高等教育改革。基于定性分析，我们揭示了三个特点，导致学者成为近亲繁殖在日本大学。一个特点--采用“公开招聘程序”而不是“封闭招聘程序“--随着时间的推移而改变，限制了学术近亲繁殖的做法，但另外两个特点随着时间的推移而保持不变：“一所大学的学习经历”和“博士生导师集中在同一所大学”。这些特点也是日本高等教育制度的传统特点，因此是需要解决的难题。研究还表明，学术近亲繁殖的做法是一种手段，以确保组织的稳定性和机构的身份，日本大学认为重要的功能。日本大学面临的一个核心挑战是确保这些特征，而不需要依靠学术上的近亲繁殖来获得它们。然而，制定政策迎接这一挑战需要有变革的体制意愿、积极主动的战略和时间。
This study analyses why and how academic inbreeding as a recruitment practice continues to prevail in Japan, a country with a mature higher education system, where high rates of academic inbreeding endure in most of the research-oriented universities in spite of several higher education reforms. Based on a qualitative analysis, we disclose three characteristics that lead academics to become inbred at Japanese universities. One characteristic-the adoption of "open recruitment processes" in detriment of "closed recruitment processes"aEuro"changed over time, limiting academic inbreeding practices, but two other characteristics remained unchanged over time: the "one university learning experience" and the "concentration of doctoral supervisors at the same university". These latter characteristics represent difficult challenges to be tackled as they are also traditional characteristics of the Japanese higher education system. The research also shows that academic inbreeding practices are a means to assure organizational stability and institutional identity, features perceived as important by Japanese universities. A central challenge for the Japanese universities is then to guarantee these features without needing to rely on academic inbreeding practices to obtain them. However, devising policies to meet this challenge calls for institutional will to change, proactive strategies and time.