PIRACY, CIRCULATORY LEGITIMACY, AND NEOLIBERAL SUBJECTIVITY IN BRAZIL
PIRACY, CIRCULATORY LEGITIMACY, AND NEOLIBERAL SUBJECTIVITY IN BRAZIL
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巴西的盗版、流通合法性和新自由主义主观性
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
Alexander S. Dent
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作者：
Alexander S. Dent
理解巴西当前的新自由主义需要分析至少从20世纪70年代就开始的海盗行为。新自由主义的早期阶段缩小了国家，开放了市场，私有化了资源。当前形式的新自由主义实践以大型非正规经济、知识产权（IP）、循环“合法性”、个性化消费和数字技术的生殖忠诚为特征。目前的这种组合将未经授权的生产、销售和使用商品（通常被称为“盗版”）置于现代巴西经济所依赖的交换形式的中心。通过“盗版”的媒介，购买可能被视为降级或赎回，而大多数公共文化的消费者在某种程度上被文化产业称为“海盗”。在这里，我们通过两个对比鲜明的巴西站点分析了海盗崛起的中心地位所带来的焦虑的主体性。第一个是监管侵犯知识产权行为的非政府组织。第二个是圣保罗州的一个非正式市场，工人们在那里争取“有竞争力的价格”。在这两个地方，海盗行为同时阐明了国际话语，同时也体现了混合和边界侵犯的地方方法。在某些时候，盗版似乎是巴西特有的“尴尬”。在其他国家，这是巴西针对不公平国际市场问题的典型创造性解决方案。[盗版，新自由主义，知识产权，非正式经济，卡梅洛，巴西]
Understanding current neoliberalism in Brazil requires an analysis of the piracy that has been going on there since at least the 1970s. Early phases of neoliberalism shrank the state, liberalized markets, and privatized resources. Current forms of neoliberal practice are characterized by large informal economies, intellectual property (IP), circulatory “legitimacy,” individualized consumption, and the reproductive fidelities of digital technology. This current combination places the unauthorized production, sale, and use of goods (often referred to as “piracy”) at the center of the forms of exchange on which the modern Brazilian economy relies. Purchases may be viewed as degraded or redemptive by having been mediated through “piracy,” and most consumers of public culture are referred to at some point by the culture industry as “pirates.” The anxious subjectivities that result from piracy's emerging centrality are here analyzed at two contrasting Brazilian sites. The first is an NGO that polices violations of IP. The second is an informal marketplace in the state of Sao Paulo where workers strive for “competitive pricing.” In both of these sites, piracy simultaneously elucidates international discourses while it inscribes local approaches to mixture and boundary violation. At some moments, piracy appears as a distinctly Brazilian “embarrassment.” In others, it is a typically creative Brazilian solution to the problem of unfair international markets. [piracy, neoliberalism, intellectual property, informal economies, camelo, Brazil]