Biological considerations in geotechnical engineering
Biological considerations in geotechnical engineering
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DOI：
10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2005)131:10(1222
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Santamarina, JC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mitchell, JK;Santamarina, JC
在过去的300年里，对土壤行为的理解主要集中在力学原理、地质过程，以及后来的矿物学和胶体化学的相关性。最近，生物学和地球科学的研究在理解微生物在地球演化中的重要作用、它们在近地表土壤和岩石中的普遍存在以及它们参与介导和促进大多数地球化学反应方面取得了重要进展。然而，在岩土工程领域，生物活动对土壤力学行为的影响仍然在很大程度上未被探索。本文的目的是介绍微生物的概念，确定和说明其在土壤和岩石中的潜在作用，并激发兴趣，寻求更好地了解其重要性和潜力，以推进国家的知识和实践在岩土工程。微生物在细粒土的形成过程中起着重要作用，它可以改变粗粒土的性质（包括导水率、扩散性和强度），加速地球化学反应，促进风化和老化，改变取样后试样的化学和力学性质。虽然需要广泛的研究来描述生物量和生物介质反应对土壤行为的全面影响，但预计对生物学原理的正确理解将导致改善土壤特性，增强对土壤行为的理解，甚至是替代的岩土工程解决方案。
The understanding of soil behavior during the last 300 years has centered on mechanical principles, geological processes, and later on, mineralogy and the relevance of colloidal chemistry. More recently, research in biology and earth science has enabled important advances in understanding the crucial involvement of microorganisms in the evolution of the earth, their ubiquitous presence in near surface soils and rocks, and their participation in mediating and facilitating most geochemical reactions. Yet, the effect of biological activity on soil mechanical behavior remains largely underexplored in the geotechnical field. The purposes of this paper are to introduce microbiological concepts, identify and illustrate their potential roles in soils and rocks, and stimulate interest in seeking improved understanding of their importance and potential for advancing the states of knowledge and practice in geotechnical engineering. It is shown that microorganisms play an important part on the formation of many fine grained soils, can alter the behavior of coarse grained soils (including hydraulic conductivity, diffusion and strength), accelerate geochemical reactions by orders of magnitude, promote both weathering and aging, and alter the chemical and mechanical properties of specimens after sampling. While extensive research is needed to delineate the full impact of biomass and biomediated reactions on soil behavior, it is anticipated that a proper understanding of biological principles will lead to improved soil characterization, enhanced understanding of soil behavior, and even alternative geotechnical engineering solutions.